| Cascaded Evolution of Mantle Plumes and Metallogenesis of Core- and Mantle-derived Elements |
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| 作者姓名： | NIU Shuyin HOU Quanlin HOU Zengqian SUN Aiqun WANG Baode LI Hongyang and XU Chuanshi Institute of Geology and Geological Survey Shijiazhuang College of Economics Shijiazhuang Hebei Institute of Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing |
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| 作者单位： | NIU Shuyin，HOU Quanlin，HOU Zengqian，SUN Aiqun，WANG Baode，LI Hongyang and XU Chuanshi Institute of Geology and Geological Survey，Shijiazhuang College of Economics，Shijiazhuang 050031，Hebei，Institute of Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100101 Institute of Mineral Resources，Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，Beijing 100037 |
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| 基金项目： | This research was performed as part of the project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China，中国科学院知识创新工程项目，the Program of Financially Aiding Backbone Teachers Working in Colleges and Universities |
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| 摘 要： | Mineral deposits are unevenly distributed in the Earth's crust, which is closely related to the formation and evolution of the Earth. In the early history of the Earth, controlled by the gravitational contraction and thermal expansion, lighter elements, such as radioactive, halogen-family, rare and rare earth elements and alkali metals, migrated upwards; whereas heavier elements, such as iron-family and platinum-family elements, base metals and noble metals, had a tendency of sinking to the Earth's core, so that the elements iron, nickel, gold and silver are mainly concentrated in the Earth's core. However, during the formation of the stratified structure of the Earth, the existence of temperature, pressure and viscosity differences inside and outside the Earth resulted in vertical material movement manifested mainly by cascaded evolution of mantle plumes in the Earth. The stratifications and vertical movement of the Earth were interdependent and constituted the motive force of the mantle-core movement.
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| 关 键 词： | 矿物 沉积 地壳形成 地球演化 热膨胀 放射性 卤族元素 碱金属 |
Cascaded Evolution of Mantle Plumes and Metallogenesis of Core- and Mantle-derived Elements |
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| Authors: | NIU Shuyin HOU Quanlin HOU Zengqian SUN Aiqun WANG Baode LI Hongyang and XU Chuanshi Institute of Geology and Geological Survey Shijiazhuang College of Economics Shijiazhuang Hebei |
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| Institution: | NIU Shuyin,HOU Quanlin,HOU Zengqian,SUN Aiqun,WANG Baode,LI Hongyang and XU Chuanshi Institute of Geology and Geological Survey,Shijiazhuang College of Economics,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,Institute of Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing |
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| Abstract: | Mineral deposits are unevenly distributed in the Earth's crust, which is closely related to the formation andevolution of the Earth. In the early history of the Earth, controlled by the gravitational contraction and thermal expansion,lighter elements, such as radioactive, halogen-family, rare and rare earth elements and alkali metals. migrated upwards;whereas heavier elements, such as iron-family and platinum-family elements, base metals and noble metals, had atendency of sinking to the Earth's core, so that the elements iron, nickel, gold and silver are mainly concentrated in theEarth's core. However, during the formation of the stratified structure of the Earth, the existence of temperature, pressureand viscosity differences inside and outside the Earth resulted in vertical material movement manifested mainly bycascaded evolution of mantle plumes in the Earth. The stratifications and vertical movement of the Earth wereinterdependent and constituted the motive force of the mantle-core movement. The cascaded evolution of mantle plumesopens the passageways for the migration of deep-seated ore-forming material, and thus elements such as gold and silverconcentrated in the core and on the core-mantle boundary migrate as the gaseous state together with the hot material flowof mantle plumes against the gravitational force through the passageways to the lithosphere, then migrate as the mixed gas-liquid state to the near-surface level and finally are concentrated in favorable structural expansion zones, forming mineraldeposits. This is possibly the important metallogenic mechanism for gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper and other manyelements. Take for example the NE-plunging crown of the Fuping mantle-branch structure, the paper analyzes ductile-brittle shear zone-type gold fields (Weijiayu) at the core of the magmatic-metamorphic complex, principal detachment-type gold fields (Shangmingyu) and hanging-wall cover fissure-vein-type lead-zinc polymetallic ore fields (Lianbaling)and further briefly analyzes the source of ore-forming material and constructs an ore-forming and -controlling model. |
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| Keywords: | mantle plume mantle-branch structure antigravitational migration metallogenesis Taihang Mountains |
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