| 地球构造变动对土壤分带格局和古气候事件的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 马宗晋,聂高众,张培震.地球构造变动对土壤分带格局和古气候事件的影响[J].第四纪研究,1995,15(1):1-12. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 马宗晋 聂高众 张培震 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 国家地震局地质研究所 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 本文初步综编了新生代地质事件序列表(以中国为主),其中有一些对应较好的事件群,启发了我们对一些事件时间链的机理思考,并展示了探索气候事件应予涉及的研究范畴。本文通过对全球土壤带分布和全球构造板条分布的对比研究,认为土壤带的分布有两点突出表现：一是与全球构造板条分带格局基本相似,二是喜马拉雅一阿尔卑斯高原山带和美洲科迪勒拉高山高原带决定了两条平行于它们的土壤带,说明构造活动所造成的地形起伏对气候局域变化的重要影响。通过对青藏高原第四纪抬升史及中国黄土－古气候的研究,可以认为,第四纪时期的几次重要的气候转型事件都是由当时的地球构造活动所引发的。
|
| 关 键 词： | 地球构造运动 土壤带分布 古气候转型 |
INFLUENCE OF TECTONIC ACTIVITIES ON THE REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS AND ON PALEOCLIMATIC EVENTS |
| |
| Institution: | Institute of Geology, State Seismologicol Bureau |
| |
| Abstract: | It has been basically demonstrated that long-term paleoclimatic changes are in keeping with the Milankovitch theory, but a series of climatic shifts or events occurred in Quaternary cannot be explained by this theory. In this paper, we compiled a comprehensive table of natural events (especially in China) in Cenozoic, including paleoclimatic shifts, paleosols, transgression, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, loess terraces, paleomagnetism, meteorites, etc. Among these events, we found that some groups of events have a good synchronism. This not only give us a good idea to study the mechanism of event chains, but show the category which we should deal with in studying climatic shifts. Soils can reflect global and regional changes of climates. In the distribution map of present global soils, there are two outstanding appearances: (1) soils have a latitudinal zonality similar to global ohm'.atic zonesfor example, 8-9 soil zones in the eastern part of Asia continent; and (2) the Himalayan-Alpine plateau zone and the Los Andes Mis-plateau zone decide two soil zones parallel to them, indicating that topographic rise and fall due to tectonic activities can play an important role in local climatic changes. Three typical cases are distinguished that tectonic movements can affect soil distribution: (1 ) as a result of tectonic uplift, the soils in western American changed from latitudinal to longitudinal distribution; (2) the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau made the local soils show ahorizontal zonality; and (3) the soils in Australia present a quasi-circle distribution,which is related to its quasi-circle tectonic pattern. These cases show that each great change of climate may be related to a strong tectonic movement and its associated activities of volcano and earth gas. One can see from the outline map of global seismological tectonics that plateswere cut into a series of "plate belts" by latitudinal faults, and these plate belts have a geographic distribution similar to soil zones. In this paper, we described two cross-sections along the east longitudes 90°and 1 15°, respectively, to show the relationships between soil-zones and tectonic plate belts. It can be found that the distributions of soil zones and tectonic plate belts along the two cross-sections are very similar not only in quantity but in geographic position, implying that theboundary between any two adjacent plate belts is in fact the boundary of geomorphic units. In other words, differential movements between plate belts could result in rise and fall, and then control the local geomorphic, climatic, hydrologic, and vegetative environments. So it is easy to understand why the distributions of soil zones are very similar to that of plate belts in the same longitude. On the basis of studies on Chinese loess-related paleoclimates and on the history of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, we summarized the sequence of mutant events since Cenozoic and revealed that all major climatic events were always accompanied with some cosmic or tectonic events. In the paleoclimatic study on Chinese loess there are three climatic shifts to be found, in 2.5 Ma B. P., l.6Ma B. P. and 0.7Ma B. P., respectively, and these times respond to rapid uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau. Liu Tungsheng et al. thought that these climatic shifts may be caused by the change of factors controlling climatic changes when the Tibetan Plateau reached some thresholds of height. We further postulate that these thresholds may be reached at the stages of rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and that the climatic shifts may initiated by the tectonic movements at that times. A new explanation regarding the clipsate shifts was introduced in this paper, we think that the mass-center of the Earth may change when tectonic movements involve the crust and the mantle, and so the Earth can adjust its orbit to fit into new mass balance. This adjustment may change the distribution of insolation on the surface and then cause the great transformation of paleoclimate. Meanwhile, it may make the orbital factor dominantly controlling |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
