The state of land subsidence and prediction approaches due to groundwater withdrawal in China |
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| Authors: | Ye-Shuang Xu Shui-Long Shen Zheng-Yin Cai Guo-Yun Zhou |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 HuaShan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China;(2) Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, 34 Hujuguan, Nanjing, 210024, China;(3) Department of Civil Engineering, Nishinippon Institute of Technology, Kanda-machi, Miyako-gun, Fukuoka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | This article gives a general introduction to land subsidence with the prediction approaches due to withdrawal of groundwater
in three subsided/subsiding regions in China: the deltaic plain of Yangtse River (YRDP), North China Plain (NCP), and Fenwei
Plain (FP). On YRDP, Shanghai is the typical subsided/subsiding city; on NCP Tianjin is the typical subsided/subsiding city,
and on FP Taiyuan is the typical subsided/subsiding city. The subsided area with subsidence over 200 mm on YRDP is about 10,000 km2 and the maximum subsided value reached 2.9 m at Shanghai; on NCP the subsided area reached 60,000 km2 with the maximum subsidence of 3.9 m at Tianjing; on FP the subsided area is relatively smaller than that on the other two
plains and is about 1,135 km2 with maximum subsidence of 3.7 m at Taiyuan city. In order to protect the civil and industrial facilities, it is necessary
to predict the future development of land subsidence based on present state. Many researchers proposed several approaches
to predict the land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal according to different geological conditions and groundwater
withdrawal practice. This article classifies these approaches into five categories: (i) statistical methods; (ii) 1D numerical
method; (iii) quasi-3D seepage model; (iv) 3D seepage model; (v) fully coupled 3D model. In China, the former four categories
are presently employed in the prediction practice and their merits and demerits are discussed. According to the prediction
practice, 3D seepage model is the best method presently. |
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| Keywords: | China Groundwater withdrawal Land subsidence Prediction approaches |
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