Trends in the F2 ionospheric layer due to long-term variations in the Earth's magnetic field |
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| Authors: | Ana G Elias |
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| Institution: | 1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, CONICET, Argentina;2. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologia, Departamento de Fisica, Avenida Independencia 1800, 4000 Tucuman, Argentina;1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Acad. Sci. Czech Rep., Bocni II, 14131 Czech Republic;2. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder, CO 80305, USA;3. Space Science Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA;1. State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky Av, Saint Petersburg 190031, Russia;2. Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, 3 Molodezhnaya Str, Moscow 119296, Russia;3. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya Str, Moscow 117997, Russia;1. Università di Bologna “Alma Mater Studiorum”, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma 00143, Italy;3. CIASUR, Facultad Regional Tucumán, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Tucumán, Argentina;4. Laboratorio de Ionósfera, Dto. De Fisica, FACET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Indipendencia 1800, 4000 S.M. Tucumán, Argentina;5. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones, FACET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Indipendencia 1800, 4000 S.M. Tucumán, Argentina;6. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina;7. SAP, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India;1. Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, D-88039 Friedrichshafen, Germany;2. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany;1. IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia;2. Department of EEE, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, 06800, Turkey;1. Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Electrical Engineering, 67100, Xanthi, Greece;2. Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia;3. Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Abstract: | The Earth's magnetic field presents long-term variations with changes in strength and orientation. Particularly, changes in the dip angle (I) and, consequently, in the sin(I)cos(I) factor, affect the thermospheric neutral winds that move the conducting plasma of the ionosphere. In this way, a lowering or lifting of the F2-peak (hmF2) is induced together with changes in foF2, depending on season, time and location. A simple theoretical approximation, developed in a previous work, is extended to a worldwide latitude–longitude grid to assess hmF2 and foF2 trends due to Earth's magnetic field secular variations. Compared to the greenhouse gases effects over the ionosphere, the Earth's magnetic field may be able to produce stronger trends which vary with season, time and location. However, to elucidate the origin of F2-region trends, long-term variations in the three possible known mechanisms should be considered altogether—greenhouse gases, geomagnetic activity and Earth's magnetic field. |
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