Geologic and atmospheric input factors affecting watershed chemistry in upper michigan |
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| Authors: | George Rapp Jr Barbara W Liukkonen James D Allert John A Sorensen Gary E Glass Orie L Loucks |
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| Institution: | (1) College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, 55812 Duluth, Minnesota;(2) Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, 55804 Duluth, Minnesota;(3) Holcomb Research Institute, Butler University, 46208 Indianapolis, Indiana |
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| Abstract: | The relationships between watershed variables and lakewater chemistry were examined for 53 lakes in the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan to identify factors influencing lake sensitivity to atmospheric inputs. The lakes lie in three distinct geologic/geomorphic
regions. Acid neutralization capacity (ANC), sulfate, and color were correlated with parameters related to atmospheric loading,
watershed area and relief, hydrology, geology, and land use for the entire 53-lake set and for lower alkalinity subsets. Acid-neutralizing
capacity was related to atmospheric acidic inputs and, in the southern portion of the Upper Peninsula, to the presence of
mineralized groundwater inputs. In the north, ANC is correlated with hydrologic lake type and surficial deposits. Results
show the highest density of acidified lakes in the northern region, which is underlain by noncalcareous sedimentary rocks.
Color was related to lake size and the presence of organic soils in the watershed, whereas lake sulfate concentration was
mainly influenced by atmospheric or groundwater inputs, surficial deposits, and soil type. |
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