| 碎屑岩沉积构型研究若干进展* |
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| 引用本文： | 吴胜和,岳大力,冯文杰,张佳佳,徐振华.碎屑岩沉积构型研究若干进展*[J].古地理学报,2021,23(2):245-262. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴胜和 岳大力 冯文杰 张佳佳 徐振华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249;2.长江大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430100 |
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| 基金项目： | *国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41772101,42002112)、国家科技重大专项(编号:2017ZX05049-006-001)和中国石油天然气集团有限公司—中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专题(编号: ZLZX2020-02)联合赞助 |
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| 摘 要： | 近10年来,国内外的沉积构型研究从之前的以精细表征为主扩展到成因机制分析。文中以同生逆断层控制的冲积扇、可容空间影响下的曲流河点坝、浅水缓坡背景下的三角洲指状砂坝以及大陆斜坡微盆地背景下的重力流沉积等为例介绍相关研究进展。(1)挤压盆地边缘复杂的同生逆断裂构造活动控制了冲积扇的构型要素类型、叠置样式、分布演化及定量规模,表现出有别于构造稳定条件下的冲积扇构型模式;(2)曲流河在可容空间较小的情况下可发育顺流迁移型点坝,表现出特殊的微相类型、分布样式及旋回特征,而随着A/S值的不断增大,曲流河点坝可由鳞片状逐步演变为条带状,最后变为点状;(3)浅水三角洲中可发育类似于河控较深水三角洲中的指状砂坝沉积,其平面形态、微相组合样式、定量规模等特征受气候、沉积物供给、沉积水体等多因素的影响;(4)大陆斜坡微盆地内部可发育重力流水道、朵叶体、块状搬运体等多种构型要素类型,不同构型要素的空间分布样式、定量规模及构型演化模式受复杂地形地貌及构造活动的影响较为明显。综合原型模型分析、沉积物理模拟及数值模拟开展系统的定量化研究,建立定量的、可预测的碎屑岩沉积构型模式,是今后碎屑岩沉积构型研究的发展趋势。
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| 关 键 词： | 沉积构型 冲积扇 曲流河点坝 浅水三角洲 陆坡微盆地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-06 |
Research progress of depositional architecture of clastic systems |
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| Wu Sheng-He,Yue Da-Li,Feng Wen-Jie,Zhang Jia-Jia,Xu Zhen-Hua.Research progress of depositional architecture of clastic systems[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2021,23(2):245-262. |
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| Authors: | Wu Sheng-He Yue Da-Li Feng Wen-Jie Zhang Jia-Jia Xu Zhen-Hua |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;2.School of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China |
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| Abstract: | Studies on the depositional architecture have extended from previous detailed characterization to analysis of genetic mechanism over the past decade. This paper introduces recent research progress in respects of the alluvial fan controlled by syn-depositional reverse faults,fluvial point bars influenced by accommodation space,fingered bars of shallow water delta,and gravity flow sedimentation within the intraslope minibasins. (1)In the compressional basin margin,the complex activities of syn-depositional reverse faults exert significant controls on the alluvial-fan architectural elements,stacking patterns,distribution,evolution,and size,showing distinctive alluvial-fan architecture models from the conventional alluvial fans developed in the stable structural conditions. (2)Under low accommodation space,the fluvial deposits are characterized by downstream-migrating point bars,showing distinctive microfacies types,distribution patterns,and cyclic characteristics. When the accommodation space/sediment supply(A/S)value increases,the point bars gradually evolve from scaly shape into banded shape,and ultimately point shape. (3)Similar to the fluvial-dominated deep-water delta,the shallow-water delta can develop fingered bars,whose plane morphologies,microfacies combination patterns and size are greatly influenced by climate,sediment supply and sedimentary water body. (4)Sediment gravity flows within the intraslope minibasins can form gravity-flow channels,lobes,and mass-transport deposits. These deposits exhibit distinctly spatial distribution patterns,size and architectural evolution models,which are influenced by the complex palaeogeomorphology and tectonic activity. A comprehensive and quantitative study based on integrated proto-model analysis,sedimentary physical and numerical simulation is essential to build quantitative and predictable architectural models for clastic systems,which is the future research direction for depositional architecture researches. |
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| Keywords: | depositional architecture alluvial fan fluvial point bar shallow-water delta intraslope minibasin |
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