| 无人机在沉积学中的应用现状及展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙信尧,王平,张宏,郭玉杰,郭飞.无人机在沉积学中的应用现状及展望[J].地质科技通报,2023,42(1):407-419. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙信尧 王平 张宏 郭玉杰 郭飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1a.南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目41572154江苏省自然基金面上项目BK20211270 |
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| 摘 要： | 无人机是获取地表数字图像和进行样品采集的重要手段，近年来在沉积学领域正逐渐成为一种新兴的研究手段，改变着沉积学的研究范式。然而，目前国内基于无人机的沉积学研究尚处在起步阶段，本研究拟回顾近年来无人机在沉积学领域研究中的重要应用，对所涉及的关键技术背景和存在的问题进行了讨论，总结并展望了未来的发展前景，以期对后续相关研究提供参考。主要从沉积露头的三维数字重建、高分辨率沉积结构和构造特征的提取以及无人机协助样品采集3个方面综述了无人机在沉积学应用中的软硬件要求及典型研究案例。利用无人机摄影测量技术构建数字露头模型，有利于从多个空间尺度和视角观察沉积露头的几何形态、沉积相与岩相组合情况，结合数字露头模型信息提取软件，可对粒度、交错层理和生物遗迹等沉积结构和构造特征进行大范围的远程而高效的提取，未来还可进一步应用于沉积学野外实践教学工作中。此外，对无人机本身进行改造，还能够协助进行冰心等沉积物样品的采集。应用无人机技术进行沉积学研究，具有低成本和高效率的优势，保证了数据的时效性和连续性，也提高了野外工作的安全性。但是，无人机技术在数据可重复性、点云处理以及图像与模型质量方面也存在着不足。未来可借助人工智能方法，以及通过制定无人机图像采集与处理流程的标准规范来进一步改善。
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| 关 键 词： | 无人机 数字露头模型 沉积构造 粒度测量 样品采集 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-02 |
Applications status and prospects for using unmanned aerial vehicle in sedimentology |
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| Institution: | 1a.School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China1b.Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China1c.Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China2.College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China |
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| Abstract: | The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an important tool for acquiring digital images of the surface and collecting samples. Recently, it has been becoming an emerging research tool in sedimentology, changing the paradigm of sedimentology.However, UAV-based sedimentological research in China is still in its infancy. This paper reviews the recently important applications of UAVs in sedimentology, discusses critical technical backgrounds and existing problems involved, and summarizes as well as prospects for future applications of UAVs in sedimentology to provide references for subsequent research.Software and hardware requirements for applications of UAVs in sedimentology and typical case studies are reviewed from three aspects: 3D digital reconstruction of sedimentary outcrops, extraction of high-resolution sedimentary textures and structure features, and UAV-assisted sample collection. The use of UAV photogrammetry to construct digital outcrop models facilitates the observation of geometry, sedimentary facies, and facies associations for sedimentary outcrops from multiple spatial scales and perspectives. Combined with professional software for digital outcrop model interpretations, it allows for remote and efficient extractions of sedimentary textures and structure features such as grain size, cross-bedding, and bioglyph on large spatial scales. UAV-based digital outcrop models can also be applied to field practice teaching in sedimentology in the future. Also, UAVs can be modified to assist in collecting sediment samples like ice cores. The application of the UAV technology in sedimentological research has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, ensuring the timeliness and continuity of data, and increasing safety in fieldwork. However, UAV technology also has disadvantages in data repeatability, point cloud processing, and image or model quality. Further improvements can be made in the future with the help of artificial intelligence and by developing standard specifications for UAV image acquisition and processing flow. |
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