| 利用煤炭开发地下空间储能的技术路径与地质保障 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙强,张卫强,耿济世,胡建军,张玉良,吕超,葛振龙,李鹏飞,贾海梁,刘亚斌,李宇翔.利用煤炭开发地下空间储能的技术路径与地质保障[J].煤田地质与勘探,2023,51(2):229-242. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙强 张卫强 耿济世 胡建军 张玉良 吕超 葛振龙 李鹏飞 贾海梁 刘亚斌 李宇翔 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西安科技大学 地质与环境学院，陕西 西安 710054 |
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| 基金项目： | 内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2021ZD0034) |
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| 摘 要： | 煤炭资源在我国能源结构中仍处于主体地位，但煤炭工业发展面临着“碳达峰碳中和”的新挑战。积极发展煤炭开发地下空间储能技术，是推动能源利用低碳化和清洁化的有效手段，也是保证我国能源战略安全的关键措施。结合当前储能技术，探讨了煤炭开发地下空间的利用现状，围绕利用煤炭开发地下空间抽水蓄能、热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能等储能新技术，重点阐述废弃矿井不同能源类型的储能理念及方式，系统分析储能过程中面临的地质保障关键技术难题。煤炭开发地下空间储能新技术总体思路为：利用煤炭开发地下空间所具有的低位势能差，将其用作梯级储水库(抽水蓄能)；或直接将其用作储质、储能空间(热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能)，既可提升煤炭开发地下空间资源的开发利用率，又可避免土地资源浪费，尽量降低对生态环境的扰动。虽然煤炭开发地下空间可作为大规模储能库，但其开发利用过程仍存在一些亟待解决的地质问题以及地质保障技术。主要包括：(1)地质条件与选址适宜性分析和安全性评价，即对储能空间的地质因素进行岩土工程性质和环境地质条件的系统研究，查明储能空间稳定性主控因素及其权重，构建选址指标体系与评价方法，重点查...
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| 关 键 词： | 煤炭开发地下空间 碳中和 储能 多相多场耦合 地质保障 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-10-24 |
Technological path and geological guarantee for energy storage in underground space formed by coal mining |
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| Abstract: | Coal resource is still in the main position of China’s energy structure, but the development of coal industry is facing the new challenge of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. Actively developing coal underground space energy storage technology is an effective means to promote low-carbon and clean energy utilization, and also a key measure to ensure China’s energy strategic security. This study discussed the potential utilization of underground space formed by coal mining based on the current energy storage technologies. Focusing on new energy storage technologies such as underground pumped storage hydropower plants in coal mines (UPSHCM), thermal energy storage (TES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), electrochemical energy storage (EES), coal underground space biomass energy storage (CUBES), and other storage based on underground space of coal mining, the concept and mode of energy storage for different types of energy in abandoned mines are mainly elaborated, and the key technical problems of geological guarantee faced in the process of energy storage are systematically analyzed. The general idea of the technology of energy storage in underground space formed by coal mining is: using the underground space formed by coal mining with low potential energy difference as a cascade reservoir (UPSHCM), or as a media and energy storage space (TES, CAES, EES, CUBES, etc.), which can not only improve the utilization rate of underground space formed by coal mining, avoid the waste of land resources, but also minimize the disturbance to the ecological environment. Although the underground space formed by coal mining can be used as a large-scale energy storage reservoir, there are still some geological problems and geological guarantee techniques to be solved urgently in its development and utilization process. The followings are mainly included: (1) Analysis and safety evaluation of geological conditions and siting suitability. Specifically, this study should be conducted on the geological factors of energy storage space in terms of geotechnical engineering properties and environmental geological conditions, to identify the main control factors of energy storage space stability and their weights, as well as establish the site selection index system and evaluation methods. Thereby, the regional structure, strength of surrounding rock and development of holes and fissures can be found out to ensure the safety of the site. (2) Construction of energy storage geological body and research on key technologies. That is, the multi-scale performance evolution model of the geological body under the coupling conditions of thermal (T), hydrological (H), mechanical (M) and chemistry (C) of the energy storage geological body should be constructed according to the actual conditions of underground space and relevant parameters. The isolation wall construction of underground space, the establishment of energy storage space system, the evaluation of energy storage potential, and the innovation in surrounding rock reinforcement and improvement, seepage prevention and other safety measures of underground space should be conducted in combination with numerical analysis and simulation technology. In addition, geological guarantee should be provided for the long-term safe and efficient development of underground space energy storage. (3) Research on the performance evolution of energy storage geological body. Definitely, the thermal damage characteristics of surrounding rock at multiple scales (microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic) and the deterioration mechanism of surrounding rock fatigue strength should be revealed based on the coupling model of multi-phase (solid and liquid) and multi-field (temperature, stress, seepage and chemical fields), so as to obtain the key parameters, including the physical parameters of energy storage medium, injection volume, injection-production frequency, energy storage time and energy storage pressure, etc. Besides, a reasonable surrounding rock reinforcement process and stability control technology should be developed, and the long-term settlement law of overburden rock should be analyzed, thus providing basis for the leakage prevention project of the reservoir. (4) Assessment of long-term safety and stability of underground space. The long-term and multi-scale health monitoring and dynamic evaluation of geological conditions, safety conditions and environmental conditions of underground space formed by coal mining should be carried out, a safety early warning system for the geological environment of storage should be built, and the operation process and geological environment evolution should be analyzed to provide all-round safety monitoring and early warning for energy storage in underground space formed by coal mining. This study could provide an idea for the utilization of underground space resource formed by coal mining in China, and promote the transformation and development of China’s coal industry to be green, clean and efficient under the “dual carbon” goal. |
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