| 环境·灾害与地学 |
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| 引用本文： | 高庆华,马宗晋,苏桂武.环境·灾害与地学[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):9-14. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高庆华 马宗晋 苏桂武 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地震局 地质研究所, |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技攀登资助项目（970231003） |
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| 摘 要： | 环境与灾害已成为中国社会经济发展的重大制约因素 ,保护环境、减轻灾害需要全社会的努力和科学支撑。环境与灾害的形成主要受两大因素控制 :一是自然变异 ,二是人类社会活动。地球在不停地运动着、变化着 ,致使人类、地球、环境发生日新月异的变化 ,并导致自然灾害的发生。从表面看 ,地圈的运动和变化导致地质环境的变迁和地震及地质灾害的产生 ;水圈的运动和变化导致水环境的变化和水灾害的发生 ;气圈的运动和变化导致气候环境的变化和气象灾害的发生 ;地球表层系统和生物圈的运动和变化导致生态环境的变化和生物灾害的发生。然而 ,从深层次看 ,由于地球是一个开放的自组织系统 ,各个圈层自身运动变化的同时 ,彼此也在发生着物质和能量的交流 ,各个圈层的运动与变化受控于全球运动与全球变化 ,并受太阳及其它天体运动和变化的影响。由此看来 ,地球各个圈层的环境与灾害的产生都不是孤立的现象 ,而是彼此相关 ,形成环境灾害系统 ,并作为地球系统的一个分支 ,属于全球变化的一个组成部分。基于这一认识 ,环境与灾害应当是地学研究的新命题。
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| 关 键 词： | 环境 灾害 环境-灾害系统 地球系统 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-2321(2001)01-0009-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年12月15 |
ENVIRONMENT，DISASTER AND EARTH SCIENCE |
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| GAO Qing-hua.ENVIRONMENT，DISASTER AND EARTH SCIENCE[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):9-14. |
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| Authors: | GAO Qing-hua |
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| Abstract: | In China, disasters and destruction of the environments havealready become the major hindering factors to social and economic developments nowadays. At the same time, a great deal of facts also have shown that protecting environments and reducing disasters demand both the efforts from the whole society and support from science and technology. The developments of environments as well as disasters are all controlled, mainly, by the following two factors, one is the changes in nature, and the other is the activities of the human socio-economic system. The ceaseless and everlasting movements and changes of the earth result, on one hand, in the changing of its geological, geographical and the climatic conditions, etc., with each passing day, and on the other hand result in the development of various hazards. From all appearances, it is the movements and variations of the lithosphere of the earth that lead to the changes in geological environments and the development of seismological and geological hazards; in the same way, that of the hydrosphere of the earth results in changes of water environment and the occurrence of water hazards, that of the atmosphere causes climatic fluctuations and meteorological hazards, and that of the earths surface and the biosphere brings about the changes of ecological environments and the development of biological hazards, and so on. However, while each sphere of the earth is moving and changing itself, controlled by global movements and global changes and affected by the movements and changes of the solar system as well as other celestial bodies, they also exchange matter and energy with one another continuously, for the earth is an open self-organizing system. Thus it can be seen that the developments of the conditions and the hazards of each sphere of the earth are not all isolated phenomena but are interrelate one another and form an Environment-Disaster System，which, as a branch of the earth system, belongs to a part of the global changes. Based on this, Environment-Disaster System ought to be the new focus of the earth science study. |
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| Keywords: | environment disaster environment\|disaster system earth system |
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