Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. LOCEAN Sorbonne Universits (UPMC, Univ Paris 6)/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris 75252, France;3. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Marine Systems Modelling Group, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;4. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;1. Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;2. IDL, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;3. Department of Coastal Ecology and Management, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;4. Physical Oceanography Group, ETSI Telecomunicación, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;1. Laboratory for Climate Studies and Climate Prediction Division, National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China;2. Earth Science and Engineering Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;3. Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Ministry of Climate Change, Islamabad, Pakistan;4. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;1. Earth & Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, WA, USA;3. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany;4. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway;5. Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH, Hamburg, Germany;6. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland;7. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands;8. Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A new set of approximations to the standard TEOS-10 equation of state are presented. These follow a polynomial form, making it computationally efficient for use in numerical ocean models. Two versions are provided, the first being a fit of density for Boussinesq ocean models, and the second fitting specific volume which is more suitable for compressible models. Both versions are given as the sum of a vertical reference profile (6th-order polynomial) and an anomaly (52-term polynomial, cubic in pressure), with relative errors of ～0.1% on the thermal expansion coefficients. A 75-term polynomial expression is also presented for computing specific volume, with a better accuracy than the existing TEOS-10 48-term rational approximation, especially regarding the sound speed, and it is suggested that this expression represents a valuable approximation of the TEOS-10 equation of state for hydrographic data analysis. In the last section, practical aspects about the implementation of TEOS-10 in ocean models are discussed. |
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