The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals: Marine Protected Area (MPA) or marine polluted area? The case study of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) |
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| Institution: | 1. Hawai''i Pacific University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA;2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;2. Tethys Research Institute, Milano, Italy;3. National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Ancona, Italy;4. CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy;5. Museum of Natural History of Milan, Milano, Italy;1. Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy;2. Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC. Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, Viale dell''Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;1. Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland;2. Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom;3. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, United Kingdom;4. University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom;5. SRUC Veterinary Services, Inverness, United Kingdom;6. Marine Environmental Monitoring, Cardigan, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The concurrence of man-made pressures on cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea is potentially affecting population stability and marine biodiversity. This needs to be proven for the only pelagic marine protected area in the Mediterranean Sea: the Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals. Here we applied a multidisciplinary tool, using diagnostic markers elaborated in a statistical model to rank toxicological stress in Mediterranean cetaceans. As a case study we analyzed persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals combined with a wide range of diagnostic markers of exposure to anthropogenic contaminants and genetic variation as marker of genetic erosion in striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) skin biopsies. Finally, a statistical model was applied to obtain a complete toxicological profile of the striped dolphin in the Pelagos Sanctuary and other Mediterranean areas (Ionian Sea and Strait of Gibraltar). Here we provide the first complete evidence of the toxicological stress in cetaceans living in Pelagos Sanctuary. |
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