Quantitative observations of a major coral bleaching event in Barbados, Southeastern Caribbean |
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| Authors: | Hazel A Oxenford Ramon Roach Angelique Brathwaite Leonard Nurse Renata Goodridge Fabian Hinds Kim Baldwin Christine Finney |
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| Institution: | (1) Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados;(2) Coastal Zone Management Unit (CZMU), Ministry of Housing, Lands and the Environment Government of Barbados, Bridgetown, Barbados |
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| Abstract: | In late summer 2005 a mass coral bleaching event occurred in the Caribbean. Here we quantify coral bleaching in Barbados at
six sites on the island’s sheltered west and exposed southwest coasts, including nearshore fringing and patch reefs and offshore
bank reef habitats. Onset of coral bleaching occurred in late August 2005 and persisted for many months after temperatures
cooled. All reef habitats and virtually all coral taxa were affected, with an average of 70.6% of all colonies bleaching.
Nearshore reefs (<10 m depth) were affected more severely than offshore deeper reefs (>15 m) with an average of 80.6% of all
coral colonies bleaching compared with 60.5% on the latter. Inter-species variation in susceptibility to bleaching was marked
with >90% of colonies bleaching in some species whilst <10% bleached in others. Follow-up surveys revealed low coral mortality,
with an overall mean of 3.8% partial colony death across all species and reefs by February 2006. However, bleached condition
has persisted with a mean of 37.7% of all coral colonies still bleached after 5 1/2 months, indicating that loss of live coral
is likely to continue for some time. This event represents the most severe bleaching episode ever witnessed on Barbados’ reefs
and emphasises the vulnerability of small island states, with a high reliance on healthy coral reef ecosystem services, to
elevated sea water temperatures associated with climate variability and global climate change. |
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