Upwelling-enhanced seasonal stratification in a semiarid bay |
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| Authors: | Peng Cheng Arnoldo Valle-Levinson Clinton D Winant Aurelien LS Ponte Guillermo Gutierrez de Velasco Kraig B Winters |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;3. CICESE, Unidad La Paz, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico;1. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Point Adams Research Station, P.O. Box 155, Hammond, OR 97121, USA;2. Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 S. Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA;3. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2030 SS. Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA;1. UTokyo Ocean Alliance, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;3. Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;4. Interdiciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;5. Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Warnemünde, Germany;1. Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, 2099 Westside Road, P.O. Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA;2. Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, 365 Weil Hall, P.O. Box 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA |
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| Abstract: | The role of wind-driven upwelling in stratifying a semiarid bay in the Gulf of California is demonstrated with observations in Bahía Concepción, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The stratification in Bahía Concepción is related to the seasonal heat transfer from the atmosphere as well as to cold water intrusions forced by wind-driven upwelling. During winter, the water column is relatively well-mixed by atmospheric cooling and by northwesterly, downwelling-favorable, winds that typically exceed 10 m/s. During summer, the water column is gradually heated and becomes stratified because of the heat flux from the atmosphere. The wind field shifts from downwelling-favorable to upwelling-favorable at the beginning of summer, i.e., the winds become predominantly southeasterly. The reversal of wind direction triggers a major cold water intrusion at the beginning of the summer season that drops the temperature of the entire water column by 3–5 °C. The persistent upwelling-favorable winds during the summer provide a continuous cold water supply that helps maintain the stratification of the bay. |
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