The Catoca kimberlite pipe, Republic of Angola: A paleovolcanological model |
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| Authors: | V A Pervov S V Somov A V Korshunov E V Dulapchii and J T Félix |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman;(2) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK;(3) Institut f?r Mineralogie und Kristallchemie, Universit?t Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;(4) GEMOC ARC National Key Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The Catoca kimberlite pipe is among the world’s largest primary diamond deposits. The Catoca volcanic edifice is only slightly
eroded. Kimberlitic rocks of various facies compose a crater of about 1 km in diameter and a diatreme. The structure of the
pipe and mining conditions of the deposit are complicated by intense intrapipe tectonic processes related to large-amplitude
subsidence. Based on geological data, we propose a structural model of the deposit and a paleovolcanological model of the
Catoca pipe formed during a full cycle beginning with a stage of active volcanism and completed by stages of gradually waning
volcanic activity and sedimentation. It is suggested that the banded tuffisitic kimberlite of the crater zone was deposited
at the stage of active volcanic eruption from specific pyroclastic suspension as a low-viscosity mixture of crystals and aqueous
sol rich in serpentine. |
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