Ophiolites of Iran: Keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Asia: (I) Paleozoic ophiolites |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran;2. Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;3. Département de Minéralogie, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland;4. Geosciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran;2. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran;1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;4. Myanmar Geosciences Society, Yangon, Myanmar |
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| Abstract: | Iran is a mosaic of Ediacaran–Cambrian (Cadomian; 520–600 Ma) blocks, stitched together by Paleozoic and Mesozoic ophiolites. In this paper we summarize the Paleozoic ophiolites of Iran for the international geoscientific audience including field, chemical and geochronological data from the literature and our own unpublished data. We focus on the five best known examples of Middle to Late Paleozoic ophiolites which are remnants of Paleotethys, aligned in two main zones in northern Iran: Aghdarband, Mashhad and Rasht in the north and Jandagh–Anarak and Takab ophiolites to the south. Paleozoic ophiolites were emplaced when N-directed subduction resulted in collision of Gondwana fragment “Cimmeria” with Eurasia in Permo-Triassic time. Paleozoic ophiolites show both SSZ- and MORB-type mineralogical and geochemical signatures, perhaps reflecting formation in a marginal basin. Paleozoic ophiolites of Iran suggest a progression from oceanic crust formation above a subduction zone in Devonian time to accretionary convergence in Permian time. The Iranian Paleozoic ophiolites along with those of the Caucausus and Turkey in the west and Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Tibet to the east, define a series of diachronous subduction-related marginal basins active from at least Early Devonian to Late Permian time. |
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| Keywords: | Ophiolite Paleotethys Supra-subduction zone Accretionary prism Iran |
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