| 最优城市规模理论的发展：文献评述（英文） |
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| 引用本文： | 张扬.最优城市规模理论的发展：文献评述（英文）[J].资源与生态学报（英文版）,2020,11(1):100-110. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张扬 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南财政经济学院经济学院 |
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| 基金项目： | The Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department(18C0964);The 2016 Scientific Research Fund Project for Young Teachers of Hunan University of Finance and Economics(Q201604) |
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| 摘 要： | 伴随着大量人口在城市的集聚,经济、社会和环境遭受了前所未有的压力,最优城市规模问题逐渐引起了广泛的重视,国内外广大学者对此进行了研究,取得了丰硕的成果,因此有必要对最优城市规模的研究进行系统的梳理与总结。本文根据国际上历年来相关理论研究与实证研究,通过运用对比分析与归纳分析两种分析方法,本文详细梳理了最优城市规模的概念与理论进展,介绍了最优城市规模研究的两种经典范式,即Henry George定理与新古典分析方法,同时对各种理论与方法的优点和不足进行了比较与评述。在此基础上,本文引入了供给导向的动态模型(SOUDY模型),提出了基于可持续发展与一般均衡分析的城市最优规模模型。结果表明:(1)单纯的最优城市规模理论来自主流经济学的成本效益分析,不能克服由于生产函数相同、城市最优规模相同的缺陷;(2)作为最优城市规模的经典分析范式之一,亨利·乔治定理近年来被越来越多地用于研究最优税收和公共产品问题,并逐渐失去了与最优城市规模的理论联系;(3)新古典主义的最优城市规模分析主要包括影响最优城市规模的外部性、城市规模的均衡和最优模型、最优城镇、产品多样化和城市规模分布等三种,这类研究仍处于城市最优规模研究的主流。并且与单一的最优城市规模相比,城市规模的最优分布问题受到了更多的关注;(4)以供给为导向的动态模型能够将空间维度融入到最优城市规模的经济研究中,并且放松了城市职能与城市规模之间的约束,对现实问题的解释更有说服力。同时,一般均衡分析作为一种重要的经济研究方法,为研究最优城市规模提供了新的视角。因此,供给导向的动态模型和一般均衡分析这两种新的研究范式,在最优城市规模的分析中更值得关注。
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| 关 键 词： | 最优城市规模 Henry George定理 新古典分析 一般均衡分析 SOUDY模型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-06-24 |
Development of Optimal City Size Theory: A Critical View |
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| ZHANG Yang.Development of Optimal City Size Theory: A Critical View[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2020,11(1):100-110. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Yang |
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| Institution: | College of Economics, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha 410205, China |
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| Abstract: | Nowadays more and more people reside in metropolitan areas,and the impact of this phenomenon is clearly creating challenges for the environment,the economy and the society at large.It is therefore useful and instructive to consider the issue of optimal city size and review the literature over the past decades on optimal city size theory.Based on the progress in recent years of comparative analysis and inductive research,from both theoretical and empirical perspectives,this paper outlines the original definitions proposed for optimal city size and discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of the various theories.The two prevailing models in the classical analysis of optimal city size,the Henry George Theorem(HGT)and the neoclassical approach,are examined later.This paper then introduces the supply oriented dynamic model(SOUDY model)and offers a plausible model for optimal city size based on the general equilibrium analysis,which is related to sustainable development.The results show that:(1)Simple optimal city size theories come from the cost-benefit analysis developed by main stream economics,and therefore cannot overcome the defect that the optimal size of cities is the same since the same production function;(2)The Henry George Theorem,which is one of the classical analysis paradigms of optimal city size,has been used more frequently in recent years to research the issues of optimal tax and public goods and has gradually lost its connection to the topic of optimal city size;(3)The neoclassical approach to optimal city size consists of externalities influencing optimal city size,the equilibrium and optimal models for city size,the optimal town,product variety and city size distribution.This kind of research is still in the mainstream of the study of optimal city size.Compared to single optimal city size,more attention is paid to the optimal distribution of city size;and(4)The supply-oriented dynamic model allows for the integration of a spatial dimension into the economic research of optimal city size,and the constraint between city level and city size is relaxed and this has more power to explain real-world problems.At the same time,the general equilibrium analysis,as a significant economic research method,provides a new perspective for the study of optimal city size.The supply-oriented dynamic model and general equilibrium analysis are two new research paradigms that deserve more attention in the analysis of optimal city size. |
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| Keywords: | optimal city size Henry George Theorem neoclassical approach general equilibrium analysis SOUDY model |
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