The many faces of ecosystem-based management: Making the process work today in real places |
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| Authors: | Heather Tallis Phillip S Levin Mary Ruckelshaus Sarah E Lester Karen L McLeod David L Fluharty Benjamin S Halpern |
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| Institution: | 1. The Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA;3. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;4. Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;5. School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, 3707 Brooklyn Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;6. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St., Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA |
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| Abstract: | Despite the widely accepted need for ecosystem-based management of coastal and marine systems, many managers struggle with how to put these principles into practice. Commonly voiced concerns include complicated and expensive implementation, prohibitive data requirements, and lack of testing with long-term applications. We address some of these perceived barriers by providing guidance on strategies and approaches that can be used for the steps of one ecosystem-based management process, the integrated ecosystem assessment framework, including scoping, defining indicators, setting thresholds, risk analysis, management strategy evaluation, monitoring and evaluation. Importantly, we demonstrate how an ecosystem-based management approach can be utilized in a variety of contexts which vary widely in data quality and availability, governance structure, and time frame. We then illustrate the suggested steps in the process by exploring two case studies that represent realistic ends of the data/governance/time frame spectrum: Puget Sound, Washington, USA and Raja Ampat, Indonesia. By providing concrete suggestions for how to move forward with key steps in an integrated management process, we show that ecosystem-based management is feasible from a range of starting points and that for any given starting point there are numerous productive paths forward. |
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| Keywords: | Ecosystem-based management Integrated ecosystem assessment Marine Puget Sound Indonesia |
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