Using full-flash narrowband energy for ranging of lightning ground strokes |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico;2. LANCE/SCiESMEX. Instituto de Geofísica, Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico;3. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University. Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;4. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo. Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan;5. National Defense Academy of Japan, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan;6. College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan;7. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | We demonstrate that narrowband measurements can be used for rudimentary ranging of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. The system at present responds to both intra-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning; ranging is demonstrated for a subset of flashes known to be cloud-to-ground lightning. The system uses a ferrite-core antenna with a length of about 4 cm and diameter 4 mm, and operates on a narrow band at about 1 MHz, close to the HF band (3–30 MHz). It downmixes the signal to audio frequencies and operates in a manner which is very similar to an AM radio. The system triggers on all impulses which exceed a given adjustable threshold above the ambient noise level, and records 1 s of data. Such a system was used to collect lightning-caused electromagnetic disturbances during summer 2006 in Finland. The output is compared to two scientifically verified references: a flat-plate broadband antenna measuring the vertical electric field and a commercial lightning location network giving flash location. A key aim of the system is to reduce the information to as few parameters as possible. Peak intensity and full-flash energy were used as simple parameters. It is shown that accurate flash-by-flash ranging is not possible with this method; however, it is shown that the method can be used to track clusters of ground flashes within a range of about 50–100 km with an accuracy of about 10 km. |
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