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Distortions of experimental muon arrival time distributions of extensive air showers by the observation conditions |
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| Authors: | R Haeusler A F Badea H Rebel I M Brancus J Oehlschlger |
| Institution: | a Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany b Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, University of Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany c National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 76900 Bucharest, Romania d Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany |
| Abstract: | Event-by-event measured arrival time distributions of extensive air shower (EAS) muons are affected and distorted by various interrelated effects which originate from the time resolution of the timing detectors, from fluctuations of the reference time and the number (multiplicity) of detected muons spanning the arrival time distribution of the individual EAS events. The origin of these effects is discussed, and different correction procedures, which involve detailed simulations, are proposed and illustrated. The discussed distortions are relevant for relatively small observation distances (Rμ<200 m) from the EAS core. Their significance decreases with increasing observation distance and increasing primary energies. Local arrival time distributions which refer to the observed arrival time of the first local muon prove to be less sensitive to the mass of the primary. This feature points to the necessity of arrival time measurements with additional information on the curvature of the EAS disk. |
| Keywords: | Cosmic rays Airshowers Muon arrival time distributions |
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