A diatom maximum horizon in upper quaternary deposits |
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Authors: | Dr B Stabell |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Department of Geology, University of Oslo, Blindem, P.O. Box 1047, N-0316 Oslo 3, Norway |
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Abstract: | Diatom maxima have been observed in three sediment cores, two from the Skagerrak/Norwegian Sea area and one from the Fram Strait. The maxima occur between 11.000 B.P. and 9.000 B.P. in the Skagerrak/Norwegian Sea and between about 9.000 B.P. and 4.500 B.P. in the Fram Strait. It is thus likely that high diatom productivity as reflected by the diatom maximum horizons are time transgressive and follow the movements of the oceanic polar front. The occurrence of diatom maximum horizons can therefore be used as a signal indicating the presence of the polar front at the time of deposition. In both the Skagerrak and Norwegian Sea cores the maximum consist of two distinct peaks; the oldest characterized by cold water species (Thalassiosira antarctica), the youngest characterized by temperate species reflecting the present diatom flora.
Zusammenfassung In drei Sediment-Kernen, zwei davon aus dem Skagerrak-Nordsee-Gebiet und einem von der Fram-Straße, wurden Anhäufungen von Diatomeen beobachtet. Für das erste Gebiet wird das Maximum auf 11.000 bis 9.000 Jahren datiert, während in der Fram-Straße die größte Häufigkeit vor 9.000 bis 4.500 Jahren auftritt. Man kann daher annehmen, daß die erhöhte Produktion von Diatomeen, wie sie aus den Horizonten mit häufigerem Auftreten ersichtlich ist, sich mit der Zeit verschiebt und der Ausbreitung der Polarfront auf dem Meer folgt. So kann die Lage der Polarfront zur Zeit der Sedimentablagerung aus dem Auftreten von Horizonten mit der größten Diatomeenhäufigkeit ersehen werden.In den Proben vom Skagerrak und der Nordsee zeichnet sich das Maximum der Diatomeenhäufigkeit durch zwei Ausschläge aus, wobei der ältere davon vor allem durch die für kälteres Wasser spezifischen Arten (Thalassiosira antarctica), und der jüngere von Warmwasserarten, entsprechend der heutigen Diatomeenflora, geprägt wird.
Résumé Des maxima de la teneur en diatomées ont été observés dans trois carottes dont deux proviennent de la région Skagerrakmer du Nord et une du détroit de Fram. Ces maxima se présentent entre 11000 et 9000 ans BP au premier site et entre 9000 et 4500 ans BP au second. Il est donc admissible que la production élevée de diatomées reflétée par ces maxima est diachronique et suit le mouvement du front polaire océanique. Un horizon a teneur en diatomées maximale peut être ainsi utilisé comme un indicateur de la présence d'un front polaire au moment du dépôt. Dans les deux carottes du Skagerrak et de la Mer du Nord, le maximum comporte deux pics caractérisés, le plus ancien par des espèces d'eau froide (Thalassiosira antarctica), le plus récent par des espèces d'eau tempérée reflétant la flore des diatomées actuelles.
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![gcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![bcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![shcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![chcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1095.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![zhcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ucy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1103.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1075.gif) ![fcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1092.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![kcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1082.gif) . ![Vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1042.gif) ![pcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![Scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1057.gif) ![kcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![gcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1075.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1075.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ucy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1091.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![chcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1095.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) : ![bcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![shcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1096.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) Thalassiosira antarctica, ![khcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1093.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1099.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![khcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![bcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) - ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![bcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![pcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ycy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ucy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1091.gif) ![yucy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1102.gif) ![shchcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1097.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![fcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1092.gif) ![lcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1088.gif) ![scy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1089.gif) ![gcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![yacy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1103.gif) ![shcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1096.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1075.gif) ![dcy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/v1p7344210375305/xxlarge1085.gif) .
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