| 基于FEFLOW和GIS技术的矿区地下水动态模拟及预测 |
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| 引用本文： | 李彩梅,杨永刚,秦作栋,邹松兵,李晋昌.基于FEFLOW和GIS技术的矿区地下水动态模拟及预测[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(2):359-367. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李彩梅 杨永刚 秦作栋 邹松兵 李晋昌 |
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| 作者单位： | （1 山西大学 环境与资源学院， 山西 太原 030006； 2 山西大学 黄土高原研究所， 山西 太原 030006；
3 中国科学院 生态环境研究中心， 北京 100085； 4 中国科学院 寒区旱区环境与工程研究所， 甘肃 兰州 730000） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家国际科技合作专项（2012DFA20770）；国家自然科学基金（41201043）；山西省青年科技研究基金（2012021026-3） |
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| 摘 要： | 矿区地下水动态研究是山西亟待解决的重大需求问题。针对山西矿区水资源短缺与水环境恶化等现状，通过分析气象、水文、地质地貌、开采现状等监测数据资料，以FEFLOW模型和GIS技术为平台，构建山西矿区三维地下水数值模型，进行地下水动态研究，模拟并预测了4种不同情境下矿区地下水动态过程，从而定量分析采矿活动对地下水动态的影响，揭示矿区开采对地下水系统的作用机制。结果表明：当矿区开采强度提高10%、30%、50%时，地下水整体流场和运动趋势没有大的变化，但在矿区南部地下水流场发生突变，等值线形变，且在东南部形成一个水位变化剧烈的低水位带，迫使地下水流向发生偏转。水位分析表明采矿活动会造成地下水位整体下降，下降幅度与开采强度呈正相关关系。地下水系统均衡分析表明，当开采强度保持现状或提高10%，地下水系统仍然处于正均衡，补给量大于排泄量，当开采强度提高30%、50%时，系统转为负均衡状态，补给量小于排泄量，地下水水量大幅度减少。研究成果可为矿区制定合理的开采方案，保护矿区地下水资源提供参考依据，为有效遏制矿区水环境恶化、确保矿区水安全提供科技支撑。
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| 关 键 词： | 山西矿区 FEFLOW与GIS 地下水 水位 流场 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-07-12 |
Simulation and prediction on variations of groundwater in mining area based on FEFLOW and GIS |
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| LI Cai-mei,YANG Yong-gang,QIN Zuo-dong,ZOU Song-bing,LI Jin-chang.Simulation and prediction on variations of groundwater in mining area based on FEFLOW and GIS[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(2):359-367. |
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| Authors: | LI Cai-mei YANG Yong-gang QIN Zuo-dong ZOU Song-bing LI Jin-chang |
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| Abstract: | Research on variations of groundwater in mining area is a major demand problem to be solved，also is one of the main research topics of ecological environment in Shanxi. Due to interference of mining activities on groundwater system，which caused water level decline sharply and water pollution problems seriously，some ecological environment problems such as the spring water cutoff and surface collapse has been appearing in recent years，with its harmfulness degree growing gradually as well as the influence scope expanding increasingly. In view of water resources shortage and water environment deterioration in Shanxi mining area，the authors in this paper analyzed the natural conditions including meteorology，hydrology，geomorphology，and identified the social economy conditions such as land use type，the present situation of coal mining，irrigation level，groundwater exploitation and so on，then accumulated and arranged precipitation，evaporation，groundwater level monitoring data together with other related numerical data as data source，finally the hydrogeological conceptual model and relative mathematical model were both established. On this basis，a new method that integrating GIS technique and FEFLOW model was used as platform to realize the numerical input of in\out on top\bottom and the hydrogeological parameters in mining area，for building the three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater preliminarily. By means of late model validation，more accurate hydrogeological parameters would be acquired. The FEFLOW model after adjusting parameters simulated better with the average error of 0.3 m. In addition，the fitting correlation coefficient between simulated and observed value was 0.862，reaching extremely significant level with confidence of 0.001，which means that the simulation results conform the actual situation. After the numerical model was completed，the groundwater level observed value at the beginning of 2011 is acted as initial conditions to simulate and predict groundwater dynamic change process under 4 different scenarios within 10 years in the future，followed by the advantages for change process of groundwater level visualization. The results indicated that: when the mining intensity increased by 10%，30%，50%，the overall trend of groundwater flow field and the motion was not much changed，the whole rule was still. But that the groundwater level in northern and northwestern regions was higher while in south and southeast was comparable lower，and the flow direction of groundwater was from north to south and brought together in the southern region，excreted in the form of springs. However，the groundwater flow field in the southern mining area has been found changed，with its level contour deformed，and the water level in the southeast has formed a low water zone，forcing the groundwater flow deflected. Water level analysis showed that mining activities would result in an overall decline in the groundwater table，which had a positive correlation with the intensity. Equilibrium analysis showed that when the mining intensity maintained the status quo or increased by 10%，the groundwater system was still in the state of positive equilibrium，the balance of groundwater system was 290.983 m3·d-1 and 260.08 m3·d-1. However，when the mining intensity increased by 30%，50%，it was a negative balance，the value was -194.3 m3·d-1 and -249.532 m3·d-1，bringing about the groundwater flow quantity been reduced significantly. The study，combined FEFLOW with GIS to build a numerical model in mining area，revealed the dynamic change rule of groundwater in mining area，provided powerful scientific basis for regional water resources management and reasonable groundwater exploitation and utilization，further offered strong scientific and technological support effectively curbing the deterioration of water environment and ensuring water security in mining area，which has a practical great significance to the sustainable development of ecological environment in this area and even the whole mining area in Shanxi. |
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| Keywords: | Mining area FEFLOW Groundwater Water table Flow field |
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