| 史前生业模式的环境考古学观察——以新疆温泉阿敦乔鲁遗址为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 丛德新,贾伟明.史前生业模式的环境考古学观察——以新疆温泉阿敦乔鲁遗址为例[J].第四纪研究,2019(1):218-227. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丛德新 贾伟明 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国社会科学院考古研究所;悉尼大学考古系 |
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| 基金项目： | 澳大利亚科研基金(ARC)(批准号DP15010021);中国社会科学院考古研究所创新项目基金之三十“新疆博尔塔拉河流域青铜文化探究-新疆温泉阿敦乔鲁居址和墓葬”共同资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 新疆地处欧亚大陆的中部,是古代东西方文化交流的重要通道。新疆西部的温泉县阿敦乔鲁遗址的发现为早期东西方文化交流研究提供了重要的证据,其中多隔间的长方形房址和几个不规则形扩间的构造十分特殊。这种房址不同于以往发现的以农业经济为主的史前居址的构造。阿敦乔鲁遗址位于准噶尔盆地的西南缘,自然环境干旱,少雨,海拔相对较高。草场分布远多于可耕作土地。通过对阿敦乔鲁周围的环境科学的宏观分析,包括对古环境与现代环境的比较后发现,3600年前的阿敦乔鲁遗址的环境资源与现代十分相近。新疆温泉的现代居民的传统生业多以牧业为主,从事季节性转场的游牧经济。阿敦乔鲁的房址的隔间、扩间的特点与当地牧民的季节性居址,以及欧亚大陆的现代牧民的居址都很相近。根据阿敦乔鲁房址的地理位置及其出土物,并参考现代牧民居址的构造,确定了阿敦乔鲁遗址的人们当是以牧业为主。这一推论为今后其他科技考古对阿敦乔鲁遗存的微观分析提供了重要的参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 新疆 阿敦乔鲁遗址 生业模式 环境考古 牧业经济 |
ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY ON PREHISTORIC SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES: A CASE STUDY OF THE ADUNQIAOLU SITE IN XINJIANG,CHINA |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710;Department of Archaeology,China Studies Centre,University of Sydney,NSW 2006,Australia) |
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| Abstract: | Xinjiang is located in the middle of Eurasia and is an important region for cultural exchanges between East and West. The discovery of the Adunqiaolu site(45°01'28"N, 80°32'34"E) in Wenquan County of western Xinjiang provided important evidence for the study of cultural exchanges in the early period. A settlement site found at Adunqiaolu with rectangular shape and its structure of several irregular shaped extensions is very rare in the past archaeological discoveries. This settlement site is different from the prehistoric site that was previously found in the agricultural area. The Adunqiaolu site is located on the southwestern edge of the Junggar Basin. The natural environment here is dry, with little rainfall and with relatively high altitude. Grassland distribution is much larger than arable land. Environmental reconstruction shows that the paleoenvironment is similar to the modern time. The natural resources of the Adunqiaolu site 3600 years ago are very similar to modern times including the grassland and arable land. The traditional economy of local residents here is mostly based on animal husbandry with very limited crops cultivation. They are engaged with the nomadic economy of seasonal transhumance. The landscape and structure the Aunqiaolu settlement site are similar to the seasonal campsite of local herders as well as to modern herders in Eurasia. It is determined that the people of the Adunqiaolu site are mainly based on animal husbandry, and very likely to be the transhumant pastoralists. |
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| Keywords: | Xinjiang Adunqiaolu site subsistence economy environmental archaeology animal husbandry transhumant pastoral |
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