Impact of surface processes on the growth of orogenic wedges: Insights from analog models and case studies |
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| Authors: | J Malavieille E Konstantinovskaya |
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| Institution: | 1.Lab. Géosciences Montpellier,CNRS UMR 5243,Montpellier cedex 5,France;2.International Laboratory, (LIA) “ADEPT”,CNRS-NSC,Montpellier cedex 5,France;3.Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique,Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE),Quebec City,Canada |
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| Abstract: | Interaction between surface processes and deep tectonic processes plays a key role in the structural evolution, kinematics
and exhumation of rocks in orogenic wedges. The deformation patterns observed in analogue models applied to natural cases
of present active or ancient mountain belts reflect several first order processes that result of these interactions. Internal
strain partitioning due to mechanical behaviour of a thrust wedge has a strong impact on the vertical component of displacement
of tectonic units that in return favour erosion in domains of important uplift. Such strain partitioning is first controlled
by tectonic processes, but surface processes exert a strong feed back on wedge dynamics. Indeed, material transfer in thrust
wedges not only depends on its internal dynamics, it is also influenced by climate controlled surface processes involving
erosion and sedimentation. Effects of erosion are multiple: they allow long term localization of deformed domains, they favour
important exhumation above areas of deep underplating and combined with sedimentation in the foreland they contribute to maintain
the wedge in a critical state for long time periods. The simple models illustrate well how mountain belts structure, kinematics
of tectonic units and exhumation are determined by these complex interactions. |
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