| 华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏军.华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(6):517-526. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏军 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-SW-317/CX10G-E01-08),国家自然科学基金项目(49971017)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 华北缺水及其日趋严重的生态环境变化是中国首要解决的问题之一。目前,由于山区与平原径流明显减少和过量开发水资源,造成了地下水漏斗加深、平原区河道干涸、湖泊湿地萎缩、地表和地下水污染等生态环境恶化问题,严重影响到华北地区水资源安全,已引起党和国家的高度重视。本文以海河流域为重点对象,通过国内外学科前沿进展综述,指出华北地区缺水及其导致的生态环境恶化问题背后的自然和人文因素作用与发展演化的背景,强调高强度人类活动作用下的水循环基础研究的重要性,提出华北地区水资源安全的水循环基础与应用问题研究的若干建议与思考。研究自然和人类活动双重作用下的华北地区水循环过程,水体运动与污染物质输移及其与生态环境演变耦合机制,阐明华北地区"河道断流,水体污染,湿地消失,地下水枯竭"的成因规律,特别是人类活动的驱动分量,提出生态环境修复的理论基础,不仅对变化环境下流域水环境演变的地学基础科学前沿研究有重大的学术价值,而且对中国可持续发展和社会进步具有重要的战略意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 水循环 水资源 水安全 生态环境变化 华北地区 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-6301(2002)06-0517-10 |
| 收稿时间： | 2002-08-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 8/1/2002 12:00:00 AM |
A Perspective on Hydrological Base of Water Security Problem and Its Application Study in North China |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing100101 China |
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| Abstract: | The issue of water shortage and related eco environmental degradation in the North China is one of the major emergency problems in China. As runoff generated from mountain area is significantly decreased and water resources are over developed, serious water and eco environmental problems have arisen, such as drying up of river system, ground water decline, lake &; wetland degradation, and water pollution in plain area, etc. It has been shown, that in the case of Haihe River Basin, among the total rivers of 10000 km, the rivers of 4000 km have been turned to be seasonal rivers. Comparing with the situation in the beginning of 1950s, the wetland area within the Basin has decreased from 10000 km 2 to 1000 km 2 at present. The area with over extraction of groundwater covers nearly 90000 km 2, or 70% of the plain areas. Comparing with that of the end of 1950s, the accumulated over extracted groundwater is 90 billion m 3. Water and soil loss area in mountainous region is 110000 km 2, or two thirds of the mountainous region. The sandstorms induced by desertification are endangering Beijing and other cities. Thus, the problems of water shortage and related eco environmental issues in North China have become the most significant issues to impact sustainable development in this very important region that is political, cultural and economic center of China. This paper addresses these emergent issues by the case study of Haihe River Basin in North China. The new advantage in international study on water and background causing these problems from natural change and particular human activity are analyzed. Key points are addressed in four aspects: (a) the study of the water cycle process impacted by high intensity human activity, a process which is quite different from that in natural water cycle, (b) water utilization related to new economic partner change, such as saving water model, (c) study on eco hydrology, and interaction of water and ecology impacted by climate change and human activity, and (d) reasonable water allocation that includes Water Diversion from South to North and saving water issue in local areas. Several suggestions of both study on the water cycle, which is a very important base of water security in North China, and study on application of water resources and eco environmental rehabilitation are proposed. These key issues will benefit to both advantage of water science and sustainable developing in China. |
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| Keywords: | water cycle water resources water security ecological change North China |
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