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Establishing the time of initial human occupation of Liang Bua, western Flores, Indonesia |
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| Authors: | KE Westaway MJ Morwood RG Roberts J-x Zhao T Sutikna EW Saptomo WJ Rink |
| Institution: | aGeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia bSchool of Human and Environmental Studies, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia cRadiogenic Isotope Laboratory, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia dIndonesian Centre for Archaeology, Jl. Raya Condet Pejaten No. 4, Jakarta 12001, Indonesia eSchool of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4K1 |
| Abstract: | Liang Bua, a limestone cave in western Flores, has an archaeological and faunal sequence known to span the last 95 ka and is the type-site for a small-bodied hominid species, Homo floresiensis. This paper describes the geomorphic history of this significant site, and presents numerical ages for key events as determined by thermoluminescence dating of sediments (using a dual-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol) and uranium-series dating of flowstones. Our age estimates indicate that Liang Bua existed as a subterranean chamber by 400 ka ago. It was subsequently exposed by the incision of the Wae Racang River, which invaded the cave around 190 ka and deposited an upward-fining sequence of water-rolled boulders and cobbles. The latter conglomerate was partially reworked around 130 ka ago and was capped by flowstones at 100 ka. The conglomerate also contains stone artefacts, which implies that the occupation of the surrounding area is at least as old as the time of emplacement of the conglomerate. After 190 ka, a complex sequence of erosion and deposition led to the accumulation of at least 11 m of sediment in the front chamber of the cave, which proved suitable for hominid occupation. Such geochronological and geomorphological information is extremely valuable for interpreting the archaeological record at Liang Bua and its wider significance. |
| Keywords: | Thermoluminescence dating Geochronology Geomorphic history Human occupation Homo floresiensis Liang Bua |
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