Use of the Marine Prophage Induction Assay (MPIA) to detect environmental mutagens |
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| Authors: | Lauren D McDaniel Vicki McGee John H Paul |
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| Institution: | (1) Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;(2) Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;(3) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;(4) Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, USA;(5) Center for Biomarker Analysis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;(6) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;(7) Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way Lab 148, Newark, DE 19711, USA; |
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| Abstract: | The prophage induction assay provides a biologically based carcinogen-screening tool for environmental samples grounded in
the parallel mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prophage induction. We developed an assay using a previously characterized marine
bacterialPseudomonas aeruginosa isolate designated as P94-4S3 for the detection of potentially genotoxic contamination in marine and estuarine environments.
To perform the assay, the lysogenic isolate was exposed to either a known genotoxic compound or an environmental sample of
interest. The response was considered positive when a statistically significant amount of prophage induction occurred in comparison
to negative controls. Initial development of the assay for enviromental samples included testing under a range of salinities
and optimizing the method for the processing of water column and sediment samples. The assay has been field-tested over 2
yr in the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida. The Marine Prophage Induction Assay (MPIA) was performed
concurrently with laboratory toxicological analysis. There was good correspondence between positive MPIA results and detection
of potentially toxic compounds by laboratory analysis. Five positive laboratory detections of known toxic compounds in natural
samples occurred in conjunction with positive MPIA results. Two laboratory detections of compounds that are not genotoxic
were accompanied by a negative MPIA response. Eight of the sediment samples contained detectable levels of arsenic. Four of
these samples demonstrated a positive MPIA response, which may be due to the oxidation state of the arsenic within the sediment.
One detection of a known toxic compound by the analytical laboratory was not accompanied by a positive induction response.
Nine positive induction responses occurred without concurrent laboratory detection. This was possibly due to the limited range
of compounds included in the laboratory testing performed, although false positive assay results cannot be ruled out. |
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