Dilution and removal of dissolved metals from acid mine drainage along Imgok Creek,Korea |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;2. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F., Mexico;3. CEFyMAP, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico;4. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico;5. Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA;6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;7. Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;8. Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico;9. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;10. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;11. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico;12. Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F., Mexico;13. Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico D.F., Mexico;14. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico;15. IAM-Dpto. de Fisica, Dpto. de Electronica (CUCEI), IT.Phd (CUCEA), Phys_Mat. Phd (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;p. Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;q. Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA;r. School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA;s. Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F., Mexico;t. Colorado State University, Physics Dept., Ft Collins, CO 80523, USA;u. Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;v. School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;w. Centro de Investigacion en Computacion, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico;x. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico;y. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F., Mexico;z. Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA;11. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA;12. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA;14. Department of Physics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA;16. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;17. Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA;18. Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824, USA;19. Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China;1. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;2. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;1. State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;2. State-Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;1. Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad Campus, 63100, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, The Quaid -i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan;1. The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX 76798, USA;2. The Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX 76798, USA;3. The Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX 76798, USA |
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| Abstract: | The dilution factors (Di) and removal fractions (Ri) of pollutants from acid mine drainage (AMD) were quantitatively estimated using two different methods, the conservative component and mass balance method, along Imgok Creek in Korea. The conservative component method assumes that SO4 is a perfectly conservative component and calculates Di and Ri from the concentration ratios of SO4. The mass balance method solves the simultaneous equations relating the concentrations of dissolved components to their precipitation stoichiometries to obtain Di and Ri. The results from both methods are little different, indicating that SO4 concentration is a good indicator of dilution for Imgok creek. The calculated Di's of pollutants quickly decrease from the site of AMD input to the site a few km downstream, but then remain more or less constant over the reaches farther downstream. This is because Di loses its sensitivity in the reaches where difference in SO4 concentration between the main stream and combining tributaries significantly diminishes. The calculated Ri's show that approximately 90, 95, and 75% of the original Fe input were removed from the streamwater in October 1996, April 1997, and October 1997, respectively. Aluminum was almost completely removed in April 1997, but only 50% of the original Al was removed in October 1997. The removal of Fe was due to the precipitation of schwertmannite or ferrihydrite and Al due to amorphous Al4(OH)10SO4. The maximum removal fraction of dissolved SO4 was only 5%. The other metals from AMD were significantly removed from the stream water only in April 1997. These metals were removed not by precipitation but by adsorption on and/or coprecipitation with Fe/Al-compounds. The relatively abundant freshwater supply in April 1997 might raise stream pH higher than the adsorption edge and consequently, contribute to rapid metal attenuation by forcing not only more precipitation but also more adsorption of the dissolved metals. |
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