Dynamics of limited-area models: Formulation and numerical methods |
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| Authors: | F Mesinger |
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| Institution: | (1) U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/UCAR Visitor Research Progam, Camp Spring, MD, USA;(2) Present address: NOAA Environmental Modeling Center, 5200 Auth Road, Room 207, 20746-4304 Camp Springs, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | Summary Following a few historical remarks, approximations used in formulating the  dynamics of limited-area and variable resolution atmospheric forecasting models are reviewed. Particular attention is given to current efforts to relax or remove the hydrostatic approximation.Turning to numerical methods used in discretizing the equations, an attempt is made to record recent work and to clarify the motivation for the various approaches being followed by different modeling centers. Topics commented upon include: semi-Lagrangian methods, numerical formulation of nonhydrostatic models, resolution, the eta (step-mountain) vs sigma or isentropic/sigma vertical coordinate, choice of the vertical grid, numerics of the propagation of gravity waves, and the box-average vs pointsample treatment of predicted variables.It is finally pointed out that the extraordinary diversity of roads being taken shows that a lot remains to be discovered as to what possible rewards may be found in exploring one or the other of the principles underlying the methods being developed.This is a revised and updated text of an invited lecture given within the One-Day Intensive Course of the International Workshop on Limited-Area and Variable Resolution Models, Beijing, China, 23–27 October 1995. |
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