| 我国城市水源水库水质风险成因及对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱广伟,许海,朱梦圆,肖曼,国超旋,邹伟,张运林,秦伯强.我国城市水源水库水质风险成因及对策[J].湖泊科学,2024,36(1):1-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱广伟 许海 朱梦圆 肖曼 国超旋 邹伟 张运林 秦伯强 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室/湖泊与流域水安全全国重点实验室, 南京 210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41830757,42271080)、中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW036)和中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所自主部署科研项目(NIGLAS2022GS03)联合资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 我国城市水源中约40%为湖泊或水库,且大部分为水库,因此水源水库的水质状况对我国城市安全极其关键。本文综述了我国水源水库水质问题研究进展,分析了22个代表性水源水库的周年水质状况。结果发现,当前我国城市水源水库水质风险类型主要是异味问题、藻类水华、铁锰超标、有机质偏高、营养盐超标等。引发水源水库水质问题的主要原因包括流域开发强度过大、库底淤积及内源释放、生态系统结构失衡、气候与水文异常变化等。针对上述主要问题,提出了构建在线水质监测预警体系、控制流域土地开发强度、构建面源拦截及流域净化系统、疏浚底泥、优化生态系统结构、实施应急曝气与控藻工程、完善流域生态保护法律法规等多种水源水库水质安全保障技术措施。鉴于水源水库水质及水生态对暴雨、高温热浪等极端气象响应敏感而复杂,在当前极端天气事件频发、强度不断增加的气候背景下,还应加强水库生态学基础研究,以深入理解水源水库水质对气候变化的响应机制,提高水库水安全保障科技支撑能力,满足我国城市高质量发展的水资源需求。
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| 关 键 词： | 水源地 水库 嗅味物质 藻类水华 生物操纵 水安全 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/4/8 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/6/24 0:00:00 |
Mechanisms and countermeasures of water quality risks in reservoirs using as drinking water sources in China |
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| Zhu Guangwei,Xu Hai,Zhu Mengyuan,Xiao Man,Guo Chaoxuan,Zou Wei,Zhang Yunlin,Qin Boqiang.Mechanisms and countermeasures of water quality risks in reservoirs using as drinking water sources in China[J].Journal of Lake Science,2024,36(1):1-16. |
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| Authors: | Zhu Guangwei Xu Hai Zhu Mengyuan Xiao Man Guo Chaoxuan Zou Wei Zhang Yunlin Qin Boqiang |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, National Key Laboratory of Water Security in Lake and Catchment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China |
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| Abstract: | Reservoirs (including lakes)play an important role in water supply to cities in China, which accounts for around 40% of supplies from reservoirs. Therefore, water security is one of the biggest challenges for urban water supply. Based on the literature on water quality in China''s reservoirs, and investigation of yearly water quality at 22 typical reservoirs, we found that the water quality risks in drinking water source reservoirs mainly included taste & odor issues, cyanobacterial blooms, iron and manganese exceeding standards, organic matter and nutrients exceeding standards, etc. The above-mentioned water quality issues were mainly caused by overexploitation of the catchment area, increasing sediment and internal release, ecosystem imbalance, extreme climatic or hydrological events, and so on. To address these water quality issues, we proposed the following strategies including developing online monitoring and forecasting system, restrict of development in the catchment, developing a buffer system for non-point source nutrient control, sediment dredging, biomanipulation with fish stock, emergent bloom control and oxidation engineering, and environmental legislations. The reservoir ecosystem is sensitive to extreme weather events (e.g., rainstorm and heat waves). Therefore, under the context of the warming and more extreme climatic conditions, further research should be paid attentions to fundamental ecological mechanisms of reservoirs, and thus improve managers understanding of the cause-effect relationship between climate change and reservoir water quality, and potentially provide the scientific supports to water safety and sustainable development. |
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| Keywords: | Drinking water source reservoir taste and odor algal bloom bio-manipulation water security |
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