| 洞庭湖冲淤变化分析(1956-1995年) |
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| 引用本文： | 施修端,夏薇,杨彬.洞庭湖冲淤变化分析(1956-1995年)[J].湖泊科学,1999,11(3):199-205. |
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| 作者姓名： | 施修端 夏薇 杨彬 |
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| 作者单位： | 水利部长江水利委员会长江中游局!武汉430012 |
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| 基金项目： | “九五”国家重点科技攻关三峡工程泥沙科研项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 根据１９５６－１９９５年洞庭湖水文泥沙原型观测和地形测绘等翔实资料，运用输沙量法和地形法对洞庭湖冲瘀变化进行了认真的统计分析，分析结果表明，洞庭湖来水量以四水为主，占５７．８％，来沙量以四口为主，多年平均沉积率为７４．０％，出湖仅占２６．０％；淤积量及湖水沙量随着四分流分沙比的减少而减少。
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| 关 键 词： | 泥沙淤积 冲淤变化 洞庭湖 湖泊泥沙 |
| 收稿时间： | 1998/5/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 1998/11/20 0:00:00 |
Sediment Deposition and Erosion in Dongting Lake(1956-1995) |
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| SHI Xiu-duan,XIA Wei and YANG Bing.Sediment Deposition and Erosion in Dongting Lake(1956-1995)[J].Journal of Lake Science,1999,11(3):199-205. |
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| Authors: | SHI Xiu-duan XIA Wei and YANG Bing |
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| Institution: | The Yangtze River Middle Reaches Bureau, The Yangtze River Valley Planning Commission, Wuhan 430012,The Yangtze River Middle Reaches Bureau, The Yangtze River Valley Planning Commission, Wuhan 430012 and The Yangtze River Middle Reaches Bureau, The Yangtze River Valley Planning Commission, Wuhan 430012 |
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| Abstract: | By using the hydrological and topographical data collected from hydrological stations around Dongting Lake, the amount of sediment deposition and erosion from the lake(1956-1995) is analyzed with sediment budget method and topographical method.The results demonstrate that the inflow from the Lishi River, Yuanjiang River, Xiangjiang River and Zishui River contributes 57.8% of the total water into Dongting Lake, while the runoff from the Yangtze River through 4 intakes and channels which connect the Yangtze River and the lake occupies 33.6%.Among the sediment transported into the lake, 79.5% is from the Yangtze River, 18.2% from the four tributaries and only 2.3% from the local area.Up to 74% of the sediment into the lake is deposited in the lake, with the rest carried out of the lake to the Yangtze River.The runoff flowing from the Yangtze River into the lake has been reducing because of the siltation of the lake.Hence the siltation rate and the flow returning into the Yangtze River decrease.The total amount of sediment deposition in the lakes in the past 40 years (1956-1995) was calculated at 4.93 billion cubic meters that made the lake silled up by 0.63-0.74 m.The rate of siltation is estimated at 0.018 m·a-1 with the sediment budget method and 0.016 m·a-1with the topographical method.Sedimentation in the period 1983-1995 led eastern part of Dongting lake shrank by 1.5%, southern part of Dongting Lake by 2,5%, Muping Lake by 5.4% and Qili Lake by 22, 5%.In the past 40 years, the East and West branches of the Songzi River, the lower reaches of the Zishui River, the Caowei River, the south and north outlets of Dongting lake have exhibited a bed degradation by 1.03m, 0.5m, 0.26m, 0.67m, 0.15m and 0, 52m respectively, whereas the rest have silted up.In the main ontlet of the lake, Chenglingji Station, an erosion has been observed since 1988.The impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir will probably reduce the inflow of water and sediment to lake and the rate of siltation of the lake will slow down. |
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| Keywords: | Dongting Lake sand deposition sediment budget |
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