| 基于GRACE的空间约束方法监测华北平原地下水储量变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 冯伟,王长青,穆大鹏,钟敏,钟玉龙,许厚泽.基于GRACE的空间约束方法监测华北平原地下水储量变化[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(5):1630-1642. |
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| 作者姓名： | 冯伟 王长青 穆大鹏 钟敏 钟玉龙 许厚泽 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室, 武汉 430077;2. Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany;3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41431070，41674084，41321063），国家重大科学研究计划（2012CB957703），中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDB23030100）和国家测绘地理信息局测绘基础研究基金（14-01-06）资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 华北平原作为我国重要的工农业基地和政治经济中心,面临着严重的水资源危机.因此,开展对华北平原地下水储量变化的监测工作具有重要现实意义与科学价值.本文基于GRACE重力卫星的空间约束方法,研究了华北平原地下水储量变化的时空分布规律,并与地面水井实测与地下水模型结果进行了综合比较和分析.结果表明:2002-2014年,华北平原地下水存在明显的长期亏损,GRACE估计的亏损速率为-7.4±0.9 km~3·a~(-1),而地面水井资料估计的浅层地下水亏损速率为-1.2 km~3·a~1,对比两者之间的差异可以发现,华北平原的地下水亏损以深层地下水为主.2002-2008年,GRACE估计的华北平原地下水亏损速率为-5.3±2.2 km~3·a~(-1),这与华北平原两个地下水模型得到的平均亏损速率-5.4 km~3·a~(-1)十分吻合.通过华北平原区域地下水模型的独立验证,说明GRACE可以有效评估华北平原的地下水储量变化趋势.除了长期亏损的趋势项之外,华北平原地下水还存在明显的年际变化特征,并与该地区年降雨量变化特征一致.在降雨偏少的2002年、2005-2009年和2014年,华北平原地下水储量显著减少.在空间分布上,GRACE结果表明,华北平原的地下水储量减少主要发生在山前平原和中部平原区,这也与水井实测资料和区域地下水模型结果较为吻合.与GRACE和区域地下水模型相比,目前的全球水文模型仍无法准确估计华北平原地下水变化的空间分布和亏损速率.上述研究表明,GRACE提供了评估华北平原地下水储量变化的重要监测手段.
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| 关 键 词： | 卫星重力 空间约束 华北平原 地下水储量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-11-21 |
Groundwater storage variations in the North China Plain from GRACE with spatial constraints |
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| FENG Wei,WANG Chang-Qing,MU Da-Peng,ZHONG Min,ZHONG Yu-Long,XU Hou-Ze.Groundwater storage variations in the North China Plain from GRACE with spatial constraints[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(5):1630-1642. |
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| Authors: | FENG Wei WANG Chang-Qing MU Da-Peng ZHONG Min ZHONG Yu-Long XU Hou-Ze |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;2. Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | As the largest agricultural production area and an industrial, political and economic center of China, the North China Plain (NCP) is facing severe water shortages.Here we present a joint analysis of groundwater storage (GWS) variations in the NCP using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data, hydrological models, phreatic well observations, and groundwater models.Spatial constraints with the Tikhonov regularization are applied to original temporal gravity field products from GRACE, to minimize the leakage-out effect of mass variations in the NCP.From 2002 to 2014, GRACE detects significant GWS depletion in the NCP, at a rate of -7.4±0.9 km3·a-1. The GWS depletion rate in shallow unconfined aquifers of NCP estimated from phreatic well observations is -1.2 km3·a-1, far smaller than the GRACE estimate. The significant difference between them indicates the large GWS depletion in the confined aquifers of NCP. From 2002 to 2008, the GWS rate from GRACE is -5.3±2.2 km3·a-1, which agrees well with the mean rate from two regional groundwater models (i.e., -5.4 km3·a-1). Good agreement between them confirms the potential of GRACE to estimate GWS variations in the NCP. Besides the long-term depletion of GWS in the NCP, significant interannual GWS variations are detected by GRACE and well observations, which are related to precipitation anomalies in this region.During the drought years, i.e., 2002, 2005—2009, and 2014, GWS in the NCP decreases correspondingly. In spatial domain, large GWS depletion in the piedmont region of the Taihang Mountains and central plains of NCP is detected by GRACE, which agrees with well observations and regional groundwater models. Comparing with GRACE and regional groundwater models, global hydrological models, which simulate groundwater changes, fail to estimate GWS variations in the NCP with an acceptable accuracy or a reasonable spatial pattern. For example, WGHM overestimates the GWS rate in the NCP, while PCR-GLOBWB fails to simulate the spatial pattern of GWS in the NCP. This study indicates that GRACE provides an important observation tool to assess GWS variations in the NCP. |
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| Keywords: | Satellite gravimetry Spatial constraints North China Plain Groundwater storage |
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