| 三维共偏移距叠前地震数据反假频射线束形成偏移成像 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴帮玉,杨辉,孙文博,姜秀娣,高静怀.三维共偏移距叠前地震数据反假频射线束形成偏移成像[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(8):3297-3309. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴帮玉 杨辉 孙文博 姜秀娣 高静怀 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西安交通大学数学与统计学院, 西安 710049;2. 南方科技大学地球与空间科学系, 深圳 518055;3. 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028;4. 西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院波动与信息研究所, 西安 710049;5. 海洋石油勘探国家工程实验室, 西安 710049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年项目（41604106，11501439），中国博士后科学基金（2016M600780），国家自然科学基金面上项目（41674123），国家自然科学基金重大项目（41390454）联合资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 对稀疏/非规则采样或者低信噪比数据，射线束提取困难并伴随有假频产生，对叠加剖面和道集造成严重干扰.为了提升射线束偏移在稀疏和低信噪比地震数据采集中的成像效果，本文提出基于三角滤波的局部倾斜叠加波束形成偏移假频压制方法.射线束偏移首先将地震数据划分为超道集，经过部分NMO后转化为以射线束中心定义的共偏移距数据，倾斜叠加和反假频操作均在局部共中心点坐标上实现.时间域倾斜叠加是对地震数据的时移累加操作，三角低通滤波同样可以在时间域完成，在对地震数据进行因果和反因果积分后，亦为地震数据的时移累加.因此，三角低通滤波与倾斜叠加可在时间域结合同时完成，避免了频域滤波的正反傅里叶变换.本文在反假频公式中加入权重系数，用以对反假频的程度进行控制，达到分辨率和噪声压制的最佳折衷.以某海上三维实际数据为例，文中展示了反假频射线束形成对偏移叠加剖面和共成像点偏移距道集中的噪声进行了有效压制.
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| 关 键 词： | 反假频 三角滤波 局部倾斜叠加 波束形成 三维叠前深度偏移 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-12-22 |
Common offset 3D prestack seismic data anti-aliasing beamforming,migration and imaging |
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| WU BangYu,YANG Hui,SUN WenBo,JIANG XiuDi,GAO JingHuai.Common offset 3D prestack seismic data anti-aliasing beamforming,migration and imaging[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(8):3297-3309. |
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| Authors: | WU BangYu YANG Hui SUN WenBo JIANG XiuDi GAO JingHuai |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;2. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;3. CNOOC Research Institute Co., Ltd. Beijing 100028, China;4. Institute of Wave and Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;5. National Engineering Laboratory for Offshore Oil Exploration, Xi'an 710049, China |
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| Abstract: | We propose triangle filter anti-aliasing beam forming to attenuate the migration operator aliasing for the three dimensional beam migration on the real sparse acquisition marine seismic data. Slant stack is an effective way for beam forming, which picks up the local linear seismic events in the seismic profile. The ray parameters in the slant stack is an approximate of the migration operator dip and anti-aliasing is a low-pass frequency filtering operation according to the sampling theory. The frequency band of the filter is determined by the ray parameters of the migration operator dip. Time domain slant stack is the summation of the time shifted seismic traces. The triangle filtering can also be conducted in the time domain. It is also summation of the time shifted data after casual and anti-causal integral. Therefore, triangle filtering and slant stack can be incorporated in the time domain which avoids the transform of data from time to frequency domain. We propose to add weighting factors in the anti-aliasing formula to control the trade off between noise suppression and the resolution decreasing of the steep structures in the image. The three dimension stack image and the common image point offset gathers from the real seismic data show that the proposed method suppresses the operator aliasing effectively. |
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| Keywords: | Anti-aliasing Triangle filtering Local slant stack Beam forming 3D prestack depth migration |
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