| 北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨模拟的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张朝林,苗世光,李青春,CHEN Fei.北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨模拟的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1373-1382. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张朝林 苗世光 李青春 CHEN Fei |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象局北京城市气象研究所，北京 100089;2.National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, 80307-3000, USA |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部社会公益类项目(2005DIB3J098)，国家自然科学基金项目(40505002)，北京市科委项目(H013610330119,H020620250330)，北京市自然科学基金项目(8051002)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 首先根据2000年环北京实际的精细下垫面布局资料（500m分辨率），按美国USGS陆面资料分类标准（25类）对其提供的全球30 s经纬分辨率（≈1 km）下垫面分类资料进行了更新设计.进而针对一个北京夏季暴雨过程，利用10:3.3km双向双重嵌套的MM5V3.6-Noah LSM陆气耦合模式进行24h数值对比试验，研究了北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨的影响.分析表明：新设计的陆面资料更真实地反映了环北京区域的下垫面结构，尤其针对北京城区面积迅增特征；同时还修正了原资料将亚洲中纬度区域落叶阔叶林下垫面类型归属为热带(或亚热带)稀疏大草原类型的问题.其在数值天气模式中的引入会对短期暴雨过程的发生发展产生重要影响.对此次暴雨主要降水中心的模拟，12h差值分布范围远达30km以上，中心值相对差异可达30%.研究发现在城市下垫面和大气相互间存在一个重要的相互影响机制，即由于城区面积的扩大会导致自然植被减少，进而会减少地表蒸发及相应局地大气水分供应、加深边界层高度并增强大气水汽混合，这不利于降水的发生发展.
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| 关 键 词： | 陆面物理过程 暴雨 下垫面变化 数值天气预报 城市气象 |
| 文章编号： | 0001-5733（2007）05-1373-10 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-4-25 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-04-25 |
Impacts of fine-resolution land use information of Beijing on a summer severe rainfall simulation |
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| ZHANG Chao-Lin,MIAO Shi-Guang,LI Qing-Chun,CHEN Fei.Impacts of fine-resolution land use information of Beijing on a summer severe rainfall simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(5):1373-1382. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Chao-Lin MIAO Shi-Guang LI Qing-Chun CHEN Fei |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 1;00089, China;2.National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, 80307-3000, U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | Using the land use data around Beijing in 2000 with the resolution of 500 m, we updated the U.S. Geological Survey global land use classification data for numerical weather model，in which there are 25 types with 30 s lat lon equidistant grids (≈1 km resolution). And then by 24-hour numerical experiments with the MM5V3.6 coupled with Noah LSM system, two domain two-way nested with the resolution of 10∶3.3 km, we investigated the impact of fine-resolution land use information incorporation on a summer severe rainfall in Beijing. Analyses show that, the new land use data can not only represent better the real haracteristic of underlying surface around Beijing area, especially the rapid expanding of urban/built-up areas since 1990s', but also help to correct the unreasonable classification Savanna in the original USGS data for the middle-latitudes of Asia data as the deciduous broadleaf. Furthermore, numerical experiments prove that incorporation of the fine-resolution land use information has a significant impact on the short range severe rainfall weather event. For the intensity and location of major rainfall centers, their difference ranges of 12 h rainfall amount are beyond 30 km, and the relative difference of the maximum rainfall amount reaches up to 30%. One important interaction mechanism between urban nderlying surface and atmosphere is also revealed, that is, the urban expansion reduces natural vegetation cover, and then it can help to decrease ground evaporation and local water vapor supply, enlarge surface sensible heat flux, deepen PBL height and enhance the mixing of water vapor. Hence it is not conducive to the occurrence of the rainfall. |
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| Keywords: | Land surface physical process Severe rainfall Underlying surface change Numerical weather prediction Urban meteorology |
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