Sector collapse at Kick 'em Jenny submarine volcano (Lesser Antilles): numerical simulation and landslide behaviour |
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| Authors: | Frédéric Dondin Jean-Frédéric Lebrun Karim Kelfoun Nicolas Fournier Auran Randrianasolo |
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| Institution: | 1.EA 4098 LaRGE–UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles,Université des Antilles et de la Guyane–Campus de Fouillole,Pointe-à-Pitre,France;2.Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, OPGC, UBP—CNRS—IRD,Clermont-Ferrand,France;3.GNS Science, Wairakei Research Centre,Taupo,New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Kick 'em Jenny volcano is the only known active submarine volcano in the Lesser Antilles. It lies within a horseshoe-shaped
structure open to the west northwest, toward the deep Grenada Basin. A detailed bathymetric survey of the basin slope at Kick
'em Jenny and resulting high-resolution digital elevation model allowed the identification of a major submarine landslide
deposit. This deposit is thought to result from a single sector collapse event at Kick 'em Jenny and to be linked to the formation
of the horseshoe-shaped structure. We estimated the volume and the leading-edge runout of the landslide to be ca. 4.4 km3 and 14 km, respectively. We modelled a sector collapse event of a proto Kick 'em Jenny volcano using VolcFlow, a finite difference code based on depth-integrated mass and momentum equations. Our models show that the landslide can be
simulated by either a Coulomb-type rheology with low basal friction angles (5.5°–6.5°) and a significant internal friction
angle (above 17.5°) or, with better results, by a Bingham rheology with low Bingham kinematic viscosity (0 < ν
B < 30 m2/s) and high shear strength (130 < γ ≤ 180 m2/s2). The models and the short runout distance suggest that the landslide travelled as a stiff cohesive flow affected by minimal
granular disaggregation and slumping on a non-lubricated surface. The main submarine landslide deposit can therefore be considered
as a submarine mass slide deposit that behaved like a slump. |
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