Calculation of lava effusion rates from Landsat TM data |
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| Authors: | Andrew J L Harris Luke P Flynn Laszlo Keszthelyi Peter J Mouginis-Mark Scott K Rowland Joseph A Resing |
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| Institution: | (1) Hawaii Institute for Geophysics and Planetology, SOEST, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, US;(2) Department of Oceanography, SOEST, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, US |
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| Abstract: | We present a thermal model to calculate the total thermal flux for lava flowing in tubes, on the surface, or under shallow
water. Once defined, we use the total thermal flux to estimate effusion rates for active flows at Kilauea, Hawaii, on two
dates. Input parameters were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), field and laboratory measurements. Using these parameters
we obtain effusion rates of 1.76±0.57 and 0.78±0.27 m3 s–1 on 23 July and 11 October 1991, respectively. These rates are corroborated by field measurements of 1.36±0.14 and 0.89±0.09 m3 s–1 for the same dates (Kauahikaua et al. 1996). Using weather satellite (AVHRR) data of lower spatial resolution, we obtain
similar effusion rates for an additional 26 dates between the two TM-derived measurements. We assume that, although total
effusion rates at the source declined over the period, the shut down of the ocean entry meant that effusion rates for the
surface flows alone remained stable. Such synergetic use of remotely sensed data provides measurements that can (a) contribute
to monitoring flow-field evolution, and (b) provide reliable numerical data for input into rheological and thermal models.
We look forward to being able to produce estimates for effusion rates using data from high-spatial-resolution sensors in the
earth observing system (EOS) era, such as Landsat 7, the hyperspectral imager, the advanced spaceborne thermal emission spectrometer,
and the advanced land imager.
Received: 25 July 1997 / Accepted: 26 February 1998 |
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| Keywords: | TM Lava flow Thermal flux Effusion rates AVHRR Pu'u 'O'o Kupaianaha |
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