Geology and geochemistry of basaltic lava flows and dikes from the Trans-Koolau tunnel, Oahu, Hawaii |
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| Authors: | M C Jackson F A Frey M O Garcia R A Wilmoth |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3 A 2A7, Canada, CA;(2) Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA e-mail: fafrey@mit.edu, US;(3) Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, US;(4) Columbia Geotechnical, P.O. Box 87367, Vancouver, Washington 98687, USA, US |
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| Abstract: | A 200-m section of Koolau basalt was sampled in the 1.6-km Trans-Koolau (T–K) tunnel. The section includes 126 aa and pahoehoe
lava flows, five dikes and ten thin ash units. This volcanic section and the physical characteristics of the lava flows indicate
derivation from the nearby northwest rift zone of the Koolau shield. The top of the section is inferred to be 500–600 m below
the pre-erosional surface of the Koolau shield. Therefore, compared with previously studied Koolau lavas, this section provides
a deeper, presumably older, sampling of the shield. Shield lavas from Koolau Volcano define a geochemical end-member for Hawaiian
shields. Most of the tunnel lavas have the distinctive major and trace element abundance features (e.g. relatively high SiO2 content and Zr/Nb abundance ratio) that characterize Koolau lavas. In addition, relative to the recent shield lavas erupted
at Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, most Koolau lavas have lower abundances of Sc, Y and Yb at a given MgO content; this result
is consistent with a more important role for residual garnet during the partial melting processes that created Koolau shield
lavas. Koolau lavas with the strongest residual garnet signature have relatively high 87Sr/86Sr, 187Os/188Os, 18O/16O, and low 143Nd/144Nd. These isotopic characteristics have been previously interpreted to reflect a source component of recycled oceanic crust
that was recrystallized to garnet pyroxenite. This component also has high La/Nb and relatively low 206Pb/204Pb, geochemical characteristics which are attributed to ancient pelagic sediment in the recycled crust. Although most Koolau
lavas define a geochemical endmember for Hawaiian shield lavas, there is considerable intrashield geochemical variability
that is inferred to reflect source characteristics. The oldest T–K tunnel lava flow is an example. It has the lowest 87Sr/86Sr, Zr/Nb and La/Nb, and the highest 143Nd/144Nd ratio found in Koolau lavas. In most respects it is similar to lavas from Kilauea Volcano. Therefore, the geochemical characteristics
of the Koolau shield, which define an end member for Hawaiian shields, reflect an important role for recycled oceanic crust,
but the proportion of this crust in the source varied during growth of the Koolau shield.
Received: 1 June 1998 / Accepted: 30 August 1998 |
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| Keywords: | Koolau Volcano Hawaiian shield lavas Igneous geochemistry Recycling of oceanic crust |
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