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Magnetotail dipolarization fronts and particle acceleration: A review |
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| Authors: | Fu Huishan Grigorenko Elena E Gabrielse Christine Liu Chengming Lu San Hwang K J Zhou Xuzhi Wang Zhe Chen Fang |
| Institution: | 1.School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China ;2.Space Research Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia ;3.Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ;4.Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, USA ;5.Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China ; |
| Abstract: | In this paper, the particle acceleration processes around magnetotail dipolarization fronts(DFs) were reviewed. We summarize the spacecraft observations(including Cluster, THEMIS, MMS) and numerical simulations(including MHD, testparticle, hybrid, LSK, PIC) of these processes. Specifically, we(1) introduce the properties of DFs at MHD scale, ion scale, and electron scale,(2) review the properties of suprathermal electrons with particular focus on the pitch-angle distributions,(3)define the particle-acceleration process and distinguish it from the particle-heating process,(4) identify the particle-acceleration process from spacecraft measurements of energy fluxes, and(5) quantify the acceleration efficiency and compare it with other processes in the magnetosphere(e.g., magnetic reconnection and radiation-belt acceleration processes). We focus on both the acceleration of electrons and ions(including light ions and heavy ions). Regarding electron acceleration, we introduce Fermi,betatron, and non-adiabatic acceleration mechanisms; regarding ion acceleration, we present Fermi, betatron, reflection, resonance, and non-adiabatic acceleration mechanisms. We also discuss the unsolved problems and open questions relevant to this topic, and suggest directions for future studies. |
| Keywords: | Dipolarization front Electron acceleration Ion acceleration Magnetic reconnection Review Reconnection front |
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