Nearshore Tsunami Inundation Model Validation: Toward Sediment Transport Applications |
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| Authors: | Alex Apotsos Mark Buckley Guy Gelfenbaum Bruce Jaffe Deepak Vatvani |
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| Institution: | (1) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS 999, Menlo Park, CA, USA;(2) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, USGS, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA, USA;(3) Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Model predictions from a numerical model, Delft3D, based on the nonlinear shallow water equations are compared with analytical
results and laboratory observations from seven tsunami-like benchmark experiments, and with field observations from the 26
December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The model accurately predicts the magnitude and timing of the measured water levels and
flow velocities, as well as the magnitude of the maximum inundation distance and run-up, for both breaking and non-breaking
waves. The shock-capturing numerical scheme employed describes well the total decrease in wave height due to breaking, but
does not reproduce the observed shoaling near the break point. The maximum water levels observed onshore near Kuala Meurisi,
Sumatra, following the 26 December 2004 tsunami are well predicted given the uncertainty in the model setup. The good agreement
between the model predictions and the analytical results and observations demonstrates that the numerical solution and wetting
and drying methods employed are appropriate for modeling tsunami inundation for breaking and non-breaking long waves. Extension
of the model to include sediment transport may be appropriate for long, non-breaking tsunami waves. Using available sediment
transport formulations, the sediment deposit thickness at Kuala Meurisi is predicted generally within a factor of 2. |
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