The bridgman ring paradox revisited |
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| Authors: | C H Scholz G Boitnott S Nemat-Nasser |
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| Institution: | (1) Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory and Department of Geological Sciences of Columbia University, 10964 Palisades, New York;(2) Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, University of California, 92093 San Diego, La Jolla, California |
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| Abstract: | The Bridgman ring experiment, in which a hard rubber ring slipped over a steel rod was observed to split when subjected to a hydrostatic confining pressure, was repeated with Pyrex glass rings. Three cases were studied, in which (a) both ring and rod were unjacketed, (b) the inner wall of the ring was sealed from the pressure medium and (c) both rod and ring were completely jacketed. In the first two cases the ring was observed to split abruptly, with a single axial crack when confining pressure reached a critical level. In the third case no abrupt failure occurred, but a number of axial cracks were found to have formed, grown stably, but not penetrated the outer wall of the ring. The first two cases are explained by hydraulic fracturing of the ring. Observations and analysis indicate that in the third case the cracks started at flaws on the inner surface of the ring and propagated outwards in a stable manner. This case, in which a tensile crack propagates in an all-around compressive stress field, provides some insight into axial cracking of rock in triaxial compression and tensile failure of rock under radial shock loading. |
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| Keywords: | Brittle fracture shock failure hydraulic fracture |
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