Isotopic Characterization of Radioiodine and Radioxenon in Releases from Underground Nuclear Explosions with Various Degrees of Fractionation |
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| Authors: | Martin B Kalinowski Yen-Yo Liao |
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| Institution: | 1. Carl Friedrich von Weizs?cker Center for Science and Peace Research (ZNF), Beim Schlump 83, 20144, Hamburg, Germany
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| Abstract: | Both radioxenon and radioiodine are possible indicators for a nuclear explosion. Therefore, they will be, together with other relevant radionuclides, globally monitored by the International Monitoring System in order to verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty once the treaty has entered into force. This paper studies the temporal development of radioxenon and radioiodine activities with two different assumptions on fractionation during the release from an underground test. In the first case, only the noble gases are released, in the second case, radioiodine is released as well while the precursors remain underground. For the second case, the simulated curves of activity ratios are compared to prompt and delayed atmospheric radioactivity releases from underground nuclear tests at Nevada as a function of the time of atmospheric air sampling for concentration measurements of 135I, 133I and 131I. In addition, the effect of both fractionation cases on the isotopic activity ratios is shown in the four-isotope-plot (with 135Xe, 133mXe, 133Xe and 131mXe) that can be utilized for distinguishing nuclear explosion sources from civilian releases. |
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