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大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素
引用本文:夏季,金星,蔡辉腾,徐嘉隽.大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素[J].中国地震研究,2016,30(3):364-379.
作者姓名:夏季  金星  蔡辉腾  徐嘉隽
作者单位:中国地震局工程力学研究所,哈尔滨市南岗区学府路29号 150080;中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,哈尔滨市南岗区学府路29号 150080;中国地震局工程力学研究所,哈尔滨市南岗区学府路29号 150080;中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,哈尔滨市南岗区学府路29号 150080;福建省地震局,福州 350003;福建省地震局,福州 350003;福建省地震局,福州 350003
摘    要:通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明:①气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。②随沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。③工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。

关 键 词:气枪子波  时频特性  子波参数  沉放深度  工作压力
收稿时间:2016/3/29 0:00:00

The Time-frequency Characteristic of a Large Volume Airgun Source Wavelet and Its Influencing Factors
Xia Ji,Jin Xing,Cai Huiteng and Xu Jiajun.The Time-frequency Characteristic of a Large Volume Airgun Source Wavelet and Its Influencing Factors[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,30(3):364-379.
Authors:Xia Ji  Jin Xing  Cai Huiteng and Xu Jiajun
Institution:Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, CEA, Harbin 150080, China;3);Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, CEA, Harbin 150080, China;Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China;Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China;Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China
Abstract:Through analyzing the near-field hydrophone records of the airgun experiment in the Jiemian reservoir, Fujian, we study the time-frequency characteristic of airgun source wavelet and the influence of gun depth and firing pressure, and explain the process of bubble oscillation based on the Johnson (1994) bubble model. The data analysis shows that: (1) Airgun wavelet is composed of primary pulse and bubble pulse. The primary pulse, which is of large amplitude, short duration and wide frequency band, is usually used in shallow exploration. The bubble pulse, which is concentrated in the low-frequency range, is usually used in deep exploration with deep vertical penetration and far horizontal propagation. (2) The variation of primary pulse amplitude with gun depth is very small, bubble pulse amplitude and the dominant frequency increase, and peak-bubble ratio and bubble period decrease. When the gun depth is 10m, primary pulse amplitude and peak-bubble ratio are maximum, which is suitable for shallow exploration; when gun depth is 25m, bubble pulse amplitude is large, and peak-bubble ratio is minimum, which is suitable for deep exploration. (3) The primary pulse amplitude, bubble pulse amplitude, peak-bubble ratio, and bubble period increase and the dominant frequency decreases with increased firing pressure.
Keywords:Airgun wavelet  Time-frequency characteristic  Wavelet parameters  Gun depth  Firing pressure
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