Thunderstorms,Lightning, Sprites and Magnetospheric Whistler-Mode Radio Waves |
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| Authors: | Devendraa Siingh A K Singh R P Patel Rajesh Singh R P Singh B Veenadhari Madhuparna Mukherjee |
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| Institution: | (1) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411-008, India;(2) Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221-005, India;(3) Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410218, India;(4) Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, 802301, India |
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| Abstract: | Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and
mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many efforts
have been made towards understanding lightning, thunderstorms and their consequences. Recent observations of optical phenomena
above an active lightning discharge along with the availability of modern technology both for data collection and data analysis
have renewed interest in the field of thunderstorms and their consequences in the biosphere. In this paper, we review the
electrification processes of a thunderstorm, lightning processes and their association with global electric circuit and climate.
The upward lightning discharge can cause sprites, elves, jets, etc. which are together called transient luminous events. Their
morphological features and effects in the mesosphere are reviewed. The wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves generated during
lightning discharges couple the lower atmosphere with the ionosphere/magnetosphere. Hence various features of these waves
from ULF to VHF are reviewed with reference to recent results and their consequences are also briefly discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Thunderstorm/lightning Global electric circuit and climate Sferics Transient luminous events Schumann resonances Whistler-mode waves ELF/VLF emissions |
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