Review of the source characteristics of the Great Sumatra–Andaman Islands earthquake of 2004 |
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| Authors: | William Menke Hannah Abend Dalia Bach Kori Newman Vadim Levin |
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| Institution: | (1) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 1000, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA;(2) Department of Geology, Wright Geological Laboratory, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Busch Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA |
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| Abstract: | The December 26, 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Island earthquake, which ruptured the Sunda Trench subduction zone, is one of the three largest earthquakes to occur since global monitoring began in the 1890s. Its seismic moment was M
0 = 1.00 × 1023–1.15 × 1023 Nm, corresponding to a moment-magnitude of M
w
= 9.3. The rupture propagated from south to north, with the southerly part of fault rupturing at a speed of 2.8 km/s. Rupture propagation appears to have slowed in the northern section, possibly to ∼2.1 km/s, although published estimates have considerable scatter. The average slip is ∼5 m along a shallowly dipping (8°), N31°W striking thrust fault. The majority of slip and moment release appears to have been concentrated in the southern part of the rupture zone, where slip locally exceeded 30 m. Stress loading from this earthquake caused the section of the plate boundary immediately to the south to rupture in a second, somewhat smaller earthquake. This second earthquake occurred on March 28, 2005 and had a moment-magnitude of M
w
= 8.5. |
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| Keywords: | Great earthquake Source mechanism Seismic moment Seismic magnitude Rapid hazard assessment Indonesia Sumatra Tsunami Andaman Islands |
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