A numerical study on the effects of wave–current–surge interactions on the height and propagation of sea surface waves in Charleston Harbor during Hurricane Hugo 1989 |
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| Authors: | Huiqing Liu Lian Xie |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Northcott Drive, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia;2. Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;3. Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China;1. Delft University of Technology, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, The Netherlands;2. VanVledder Consulting, Olst, The Netherlands;3. Uluda? University, Department of Civil Engineering, Gorukle Campus, Bursa, Turkey;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China;2. Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China;3. Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China;4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | The effects of wave–current interactions on ocean surface waves induced by Hurricane Hugo in and around the Charleston Harbor and its adjacent coastal waters are examined by using a three-dimensional (3D) wave–current coupled modeling system. The 3D storm surge modeling component of the coupled system is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the wave modeling component is based on the third generation wave model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), and the inundation model is adopted from Xie, L., Pietrafesa, L. J., Peng, M., 2004. Incorporation of a mass-conserving inundation scheme into a three-dimensional storm surge model. J. Coastal Res., 20, 1209–1223]. The results indicate that the change of water level associated with the storm surge is the primary cause for wave height changes due to wave–surge interaction. Meanwhile, waves propagating on top of surge cause a feedback effect on the surge height by modulating the surface wind stress and bottom stress. This effect is significant in shallow coastal waters, but relatively small in offshore deep waters. The influence of wave–current interaction on wave propagation is relatively insignificant, since waves generally propagate in the direction of the surface currents driven by winds. Wave–current interactions also affect the surface waves as a result of inundation and drying induced by the storm. Waves break as waters retreat in regions of drying, whereas waves are generated in flooded regions where no waves would have occurred without the flood water. |
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