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The great Sumatra–Andaman earthquakes — Imaging the boundary between the ruptures of the great 2004 and 2005 earthquakes
Authors:Dieter Franke  Michael Schnabel  Stefan Ladage  David R Tappin  S  nke Neben  Yusuf S Djajadihardja  Christian Mü  ller  Heidrun Kopp and Christoph Gaedicke
Institution:

aFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany

bBritish Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom

cAgency for the Assessment & Application of Technology (BPPT), Jl. M.H. Thamrin no. 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia

dIFM-Geomar, Wischhoffstr. 1-3, Kiel, Germany

Abstract:Segmentation along convergent margins controls earthquake magnitude and location, but the physical causes of segment boundaries, and their impact on earthquake rupture dynamics, are still poorly understood. One aspect of the 2004 and 2005 great Sumatra–Andaman earthquakes is their abrupt termination along a common boundary. This has led to speculation on the nature of the boundary, its origin and why it was not breached.

For the first time the boundary has been imaged and, with newly acquired marine geophysical data, we demonstrate that a ridge on the subducting Indo-Australian oceanic crust may exert a control on margin segmentation. This suggests a lower plate influence on margin structure, particularly its segmentation. The ridge is masked by the sedimentary cover in the trench. Its most likely trend is NNE–SSW. It is interpreted as a fracture zone on the subducting oceanic plate. A ramp or tear along the eastern flank of the subducting fracture zone beneath Simeulue Island may be considered as an intensification factor in terms of rupture propagation barrier.

Keywords:subduction  earthquakes  segmentation  seismic data  Sumatra
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