Rapid crustal uplift in Patagonia due to enhanced ice loss |
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| Authors: | R Dietrich ER Ivins G Casassa H Lange J Wendt M Fritsche |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;2. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;3. Centro de Estudios Científicos, Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile;4. TERRASAT S.A., Av. Eliodoro Yañez 2050, Santiago de Chile, Chile;1. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon (LGL-TPE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, 69007 Lyon, France;2. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany;3. Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Institut für Mineralogie, 48149 Münster, Germany;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;2. Montana Institute on Ecosystems, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;3. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;4. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;5. CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), Argentina;6. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), Argentina;1. Division of Geodesy and Satellite Positioning, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden;3. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), No.66 Changjiangxi Rd, Qingdao 266580, China;4. Departamento de Geofísica y Astronomía, FCEFN. Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Meglioli 1160 Sur, 5400. Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina;5. NTIS - New Technologies for the Information Society, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, Czechia;1. University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland, UK;2. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 OQF, Glasgow, Scotland, UK;1. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA;3. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA;4. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;5. Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;6. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA |
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| Abstract: | A vertical crustal uplift rate of 39 mm yr? 1 is measured between 2003 and 2006 using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at the northeastern edge of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). This is the largest present-day glacial isostatic rate ever recorded. The combination of SPI's rapid melting and the unique regional slab-window tectonics that promotes a relatively low viscosity, is central to our interpretation of the observations. The two effects lead to a strong interaction of short relaxation times with ice loads that change on a comparable time scale. The profile of GPS observations link ice loss to the soft viscoelastic isostatic flow response over the time scale of the Little Ice Age (LIA), including ice loss in the period of observation. The agreement of the results with our model predictions strongly suggests the large crustal uplift in Patagonia is due an accelerated glacier wasting since the termination of the LIA and that the effective regional mantle viscosity is near 4.0–8.0 × 1018 Pa s. A century-long diminution of the icefields, at rates that are about 1/4 – 1/2 the contemporary loss rates, is consistent with multidecadal-scale temperature trends estimated for the past 50–100 years and is, in fact, a key feature in any model capable of explaining the uplift data. |
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