Climatology of ionospheric upper transition height derived from COSMIC satellites during the solar minimum of 2008 |
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| Authors: | Xinan Yue William S Schreiner Jiuhou Lei Christian Rocken Ying-Hwa Kuo Weixing Wan |
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| Institution: | 1. COSMIC Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;2. Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. COSMIC Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China;1. National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt;2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Egypt;1. Departamento de Física de la Tierra, Astronomía y Astrofísica I (Geofísica y Meteorología), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Geociencias, IGEO (UCM-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Centro de Arqueometría y Análisis Arqueológico, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Profesor Aranguren s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;4. Géosciences-Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France;5. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy;6. Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid. Spain;1. Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Kwara State, Nigeria;2. Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria;3. Lowell Digisonde International, LLC, 175 Cabot Street, Suite 200, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;4. Space Environment Research Center (SERC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan;1. Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;2. Chunganam National University (CNU), Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, South Korea;3. Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, A8, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam;4. School of Physics Astronomy and Computational Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22020, USA;5. Faculty of Industrial Education, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | The electron density profiles retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere & Climate (COSMIC) satellite Radio Occultation (RO) observations during 2008 are used to derive ionospheric upper transition height, where the density of O+ is equal to that of light ions (mainly H+ and He+). It is found that the ionosphere upper transition height is very low, with significant local time, latitude and seasonal variations, during the extremely low solar minimum of 2008. The transition height is higher in the daytime than at night, except over middle latitude region of winter hemisphere, where the transition height has minimum in the morning. There is a pronounced peak over equator for all seasons. The transition height is higher in summer than in winter hemisphere. Our results have comparability with C/NOFS satellite observations around the equatorial region during June–August of 2008. However, the IRI model gives much higher transition height than those from COSMIC and cannot reproduce its latitude and season variations well during 2008. |
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