Observations of the F3-layer at equatorial region during 2005 |
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| Institution: | 1. Wireless and Radio Science Centre (WARAS), Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Engineering, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;3. Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Karung Berkunci 1200, Hang Tuah Jay Ayer Keroh, 75450, Melaka;1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics of ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic;2. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom;1. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA;2. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China;3. Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China;1. Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Universität Leipzig, Stephanstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;2. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;4. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;5. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;6. National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science, Cairo, 11769 Egypt;7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA 01886, USA;1. Space Weather Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA;2. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA;3. Atmospheric Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA |
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| Abstract: | The existence of the F3-layer has been observed at Brazilian equatorial stations. This paper reports on a 1-year observations at Parit Raja, Malaysia (Lat. 1°52′N, Long. 103°48′E). The greatest number of appearances of the F3-layer is around local noon while the least is after local dawn. Its occurrence is more pronounced during winter and the equinoxes. The mean height of reflection for the layer is about 600 km reaching a maximum of about 900 km during the winter of 2004/2005. It is seen that the critical frequency of the F2-layer decreases with the appearance of the F3-layer. |
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