Rainfall–runoff modelling for estimating Latonyanda River flow contributions to Luvuvhu River downstream of Albasini Dam |
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| Institution: | 1. Toulon University, PROTEE Laboratory, EA 3819, CS 60584, 83041 Toulon Cedex 9, France;2. Lappeenranta University of Technology, Laboratory of Separation Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland;3. Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE UM34, UMR 7330, 13545 Aix en Provence, France;4. Aix-Marseille University – Laboratoire Chimie de l’Environnement, Campus ST CHARLES, 13331 Marseille, France;5. University of Toulon, MAPIEM Laboratory, EA 4323, CS 60584, 83041 Toulon Cedex 9, France;1. Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa;2. School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;3. Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa;1. Innovative City lab URE 005, Polytech’Nice Sophia, Nice Sophia Antipolis University, France;2. Faculty of Water Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology, the University of Da Nang, Vietnam |
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| Abstract: | Rainfall–runoff modelling was conducted to estimate the flows that Latonyanda River contribute to Luvuvhu River downstream of Albasini Dam. The confluence of Latonyanda and Luvuvhu Rivers is ungauged. The contributed flows compensate for upstream water abstractions and periodic lack of releases from Albasini Dam. The flow contributions from tributaries to Luvuvhu River are important for ecosystem sustenance, meeting downstream domestic and agricultural water demand and ecological water requirements particularly in Kruger National Park. The upper Latonyanda River Quaternary Catchment (LRQC), with streamflow gauging station number A9H027 was delineated and used for rainfall–runoff modelling. The simulation was done using Mike 11 NAM rainfall–runoff model. Calibration and verification runs of Mike 11 NAM rainfall–runoff model were carried out using data for periods of 4 and 2 years, respectively. The model was calibrated using shuffled complex evolution optimizer. The model efficiency was tested using coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), overall water balance error (OWBE) and percentage bias (PBIAS). The model parameters obtained from the upper LRQC were transferred and used together with rainfall and evaporation data for 40 years period in the simulation of runoff for the LRQC. The flows that Latonyanda River contribute to Luvuvhu River were computed by subtracting irrigation abstractions and runoff drained to Tshakhuma Dam from the simulated runoff time series of the LRQC. The observed and the simulated runoff showed similar trends and measures of performances for both calibration and verification runs fell within acceptable ranges. The pairs of values obtained for R2, RMSE, OWBE and PBIAS for calibration and verification were 0.86 and 0.73, 0.21 and 0.2, 2.1 and 1.3, and 4.1 and 3.4, respectively. The simulated runoff for LRQC correlated well with the areal rainfall showing that the results are reasonable. The mean and maximum daily flow contributions from the Latonyanda River are 0.91 and 49 m3/s respectively. The estimation of these ungauged flows makes it possible to plan and manage the water requirements for the downstream users. |
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