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汶川地震中极震区砌体结构教学楼典型震害分析
引用本文:周强,孙柏涛.汶川地震中极震区砌体结构教学楼典型震害分析[J].震灾防御技术,2010,5(4):467-476.
作者姓名:周强  孙柏涛
作者单位:哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院,哈尔滨150001;哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院,哈尔滨150001 / 中国地震局工程力学研究所,哈尔滨 150080
基金项目:国家973计划课题,国家自然科学基金重点项目,科技部国际合作项目
摘    要:汶川8.0级大地震造成了巨大的损失,大量学校建筑遭受严重破坏,其中大部分是砌体结构教学楼。在此次地震中,极震区北川县擂鼓镇城区内的初中、小学和幼儿园等砌体结构教学楼的破坏极其严重,结构特征和震害现象十分典型。本文详细地介绍了擂鼓镇城区内5栋砌体结构教学楼的结构构造特点和震害现象特征,同时,总结归纳了砌体结构教学楼的典型震害并分析了震害原因;讨论并分析了建筑含墙率、开间大小、高宽比等因素对建筑的抗震能力的影响;通过结构易损性分析方法对教学楼在不同烈度下的破坏状态进行了计算,并与实际震害进行了对比分析;最后,为灾后教学楼的重建工作提出了建议。

关 键 词:汶川地震  砌体结构  教学楼  典型震害分析  易损性分析
收稿时间:2010/10/11 0:00:00

Seismic Damage Analysis of Typical Masonry Teaching Buildings in Meizoseismic Area of Wenchuan Earthquake
Zhou Qiang and Sun Baitao.Seismic Damage Analysis of Typical Masonry Teaching Buildings in Meizoseismic Area of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2010,5(4):467-476.
Authors:Zhou Qiang and Sun Baitao
Institution:College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China / Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
Abstract:The Wenchuan earthquake with MS 8.0 caused huge loss and severe damage of school buildings, among which most are masonry teaching buildings. In this earthquake, Leigu town, which adjoins Beichuan county, was the most seriously damaged place. The masonry teaching buildings of middle schools, elementary schools and kindergartens were damaged severely and the architectural feature and earthquake disaster phenomenon are very typical. The characteristics of structures and seismic damage of five masonry teaching buildings in Leigu town are introduced in detail in this paper. At the same time, the typical seismic damage and the damage causes of these masonry teaching buildings are given. The effecftive factors on seismic behavior such as the wall ratio, bay and height-width ratio are analyzed. By means of structure vulnerability analysis, damage states of these buildings, under different intensity, are calculated and used for comparative analysis with actual damage states. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on the reconstruction of teaching buildings after disaster have been given.
Keywords:Wenchuan earthquake  Masonry structure  Teaching buildings  Typical seismic damage analysis  Vulnerability analysis
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